Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e, sentence 18
A silent e drops before an ending that starts with a vowel: make, making; hope, hoping.
Who acts: silent e, ending, vowel · What happens: drop, start, make, hope · To what, where: ending
This is a sentence of the lesson «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (silent e, ending, vowel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 e | det |
| 2 | silent | silent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 e | amod |
| 3 | e | e | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 drops | nsubj |
| 4 | drops | drop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | before | before | ADP | _ | 7 ending | case |
| 6 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 ending | det |
| 7 | ending | ending | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 drops | obl |
| 8 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 starts | nsubj |
| 9 | starts | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 ending | acl:relcl |
| 10 | with | with | ADP | _ | 12 vowel | case |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 vowel | det |
| 12 | vowel | vowel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 starts | obl |
| 13 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 14 make | punct |
| 14 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 vowel | acl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 making | punct |
| 16 | making | make | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 14 make | conj |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 4 drops | punct |
| 18 | hope | hope | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 drops | parataxis |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 hoping | punct |
| 20 | hoping | hope | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 18 hope | conj |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 drops | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | drop | present | a silent e | a ending | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme before ending=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | start | present | a ending | with a vowel | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with vowel=Subeventuality | ||||
| 3 | make | infinitive | a vowel not said here | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | |||||
| 4 | make | gerund | a vowel not said here | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | |||||
| 5 | hope | present | vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot | ||||||
| 6 | hope | gerund | vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:007-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e.lesson:18.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/18/