Soft words for hard things: failure and mistakes, sentence 2
Officials and businesses use words to hide or spin: "human error" hides who exactly made the mistake, and "a correction" makes a crash in prices sound like a neat tidy-up.
Who acts: Officials, human error, correction, crash · What happens: use, hide, spin, make, sound · To what, where: words, mistake, crash, prices
This is a sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: failure and mistakes» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Officials, human error, correction, crash), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Officials | official | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 use | nsubj |
| 2 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 businesses | cc |
| 3 | businesses | business | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Officials | conj |
| 4 | use | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 use | obj |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 hide | mark |
| 7 | hide | hide | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 use | advcl |
| 8 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 9 spin | cc |
| 9 | spin | spin | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 hide | conj |
| 10 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 4 use | punct |
| 11 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 error | punct |
| 12 | human | human | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 error | amod |
| 13 | error | error | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 hides | nsubj |
| 14 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 error | punct |
| 15 | hides | hide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 use | parataxis |
| 16 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 made | nsubj |
| 17 | exactly | exactly | ADV | _ | 18 made | advmod |
| 18 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 hides | ccomp |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 mistake | det |
| 20 | mistake | mistake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 made | obj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 makes | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 makes | cc |
| 23 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 correction | punct |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 correction | det |
| 25 | correction | correction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 makes | nsubj |
| 26 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 correction | punct |
| 27 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 hides | conj |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 crash | det |
| 29 | crash | crash | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 makes | obj |
| 30 | in | in | ADP | _ | 31 prices | case |
| 31 | prices | price | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 crash | nmod |
| 32 | sound | sound | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 makes | xcomp |
| 33 | like | like | ADP | _ | 38 up | case |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 up | det |
| 35 | neat | neat | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 up | amod |
| 36 | tidy | tidy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 up | compound |
| 37 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 36 tidy | punct |
| 38 | up | up | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 sound | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 use | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | present | Officials and businesses | words | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient | ||||
| 2 | hide | to-infinitive | Officials and businesses not said here | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | spin | infinitive | Officials and businesses not said here | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | hide | present | human error | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | make | past | the mistake | exactly property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mistake=Product | ||||
| 6 | make | present | a correction | a crash | prices | tree rules | |||
| 7 | sound | infinitive | a crash not said here | like a neat tidy up | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:euphemisms:033-failure-and-mistakes.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/33-failure-and-mistakes/2/