Good manners on buses and trains, and borrowing things, sentence 16
Always ask «May I borrow…?» and wait for a yes, even for a ruler or a rubber, because the thing is not yours.
Who acts: you, I, thing · What happens: ask, borrow, wait, not be · To what, where: …, yours · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Good manners on buses and trains, and borrowing things» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, I, thing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Always | always | ADV | _ | 2 ask | advmod |
| 2 | ask | ask | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 6 borrow | punct |
| 4 | May | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 borrow | aux |
| 5 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 6 borrow | nsubj |
| 6 | borrow | borrow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 ask | ccomp |
| 7 | … | … | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 borrow | obj |
| 8 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 2 ask | punct |
| 9 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 2 ask | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 wait | cc |
| 11 | wait | wait | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 2 ask | conj |
| 12 | for | for | ADP | _ | 19 ruler | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 yes | det |
| 14 | yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 19 ruler | discourse |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 ruler | punct |
| 16 | even | even | ADV | _ | 19 ruler | advmod |
| 17 | for | for | ADP | _ | 19 ruler | case |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 ruler | det |
| 19 | ruler | ruler | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 wait | obl |
| 20 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 22 rubber | cc |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 rubber | det |
| 22 | rubber | rubber | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 ruler | conj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 yours | punct |
| 24 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 29 yours | mark |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 thing | det |
| 26 | thing | thing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 yours | nsubj |
| 27 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 yours | cop |
| 28 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 29 yours | advmod |
| 29 | yours | yours | PRON | Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 ask | advcl |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 ask | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ask speech: ask | imperative | you not said here | always property | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | borrow in a quote | may | I | … | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent …=Theme | ||||
| 3 | wait | infinitive | you not said here | for a ruler or a rubber | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | not is a | present | the thing | yours | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:everyday:225-public-transport-and-borrowing.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/225-public-transport-and-borrowing/16/