Farm animals and horses, sentence 2
That is why you never walk behind a horse: approach from the side towards its shoulder, talk softly so it knows you are there, and feed a treat only from a flat open hand.
Who acts: That, you, horse · What happens: be, not walk, approach, talk, know, feed · To what, where: side, treat, flat open hand · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Farm animals and horses» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (That, you, horse), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | That | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 is | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Rel | 6 walk | advmod |
| 4 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 6 walk | nsubj |
| 5 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 6 walk | advmod |
| 6 | walk | walk | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 is | ccomp |
| 7 | behind | behind | ADP | _ | 9 horse | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 horse | det |
| 9 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 walk | obl |
| 10 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 11 approach | punct |
| 11 | approach | approach | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 walk | conj |
| 12 | from | from | ADP | _ | 14 side | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 side | det |
| 14 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 approach | obl |
| 15 | towards | towards | ADP | _ | 17 shoulder | case |
| 16 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 shoulder | nmod:poss |
| 17 | shoulder | shoulder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 approach | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 talk | punct |
| 19 | talk | talk | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 approach | conj |
| 20 | softly | softly | ADV | _ | 19 talk | advmod |
| 21 | so | so | ADV | _ | 23 knows | advmod |
| 22 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 knows | nsubj |
| 23 | knows | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 talk | advcl |
| 24 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 26 there | nsubj |
| 25 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 there | cop |
| 26 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 23 knows | ccomp |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 feed | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 feed | cc |
| 29 | feed | feed | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 approach | conj |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 treat | det |
| 31 | treat | treat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 feed | obj |
| 32 | only | only | ADV | _ | 37 hand | advmod |
| 33 | from | from | ADP | _ | 37 hand | case |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 hand | det |
| 35 | flat | flat | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 hand | amod |
| 36 | open | open | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 hand | amod |
| 37 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 feed | obl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 why | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | present | That | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | not walk | infinitive | you | behind a horse | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme behind horse=Trajectory | ||||
| 3 | approach | infinitive | you not said here | the side | towards horse's shoulder | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from side=Initial_Location towards shoulder=Destination | |||
| 4 | talk | infinitive | you not said here | softly property | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | know | present | horse | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 6 | is | present | you | there property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | feed | infinitive | you not said here | a treat | a flat open hand | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent treat=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:everyday:028-farm-animals-and-horses.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/28-farm-animals-and-horses/2/