France and the French-speaking world, sentence 8
Switzerland has four national languages, German, French, Italian and Romansh; French is spoken in the west, around Geneva (Genève) and Lausanne.
Who acts: Switzerland · What happens: have, speak · To what, where: four national languages, French, west · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «France and the French-speaking world» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Switzerland), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Switzerland | Switzerland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 has | nsubj |
| 2 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 5 languages | nummod |
| 4 | national | national | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 languages | amod |
| 5 | languages | language | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 has | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 German | punct |
| 7 | German | German | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 languages | conj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 French | punct |
| 9 | French | French | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 languages | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 Italian | punct |
| 11 | Italian | Italian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 languages | conj |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 Romansh | cc |
| 13 | Romansh | Romansh | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 Italian | conj |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 spoken | punct |
| 15 | French | French | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 spoken | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 spoken | aux:pass |
| 17 | spoken | speak | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 has | parataxis |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 west | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 west | det |
| 20 | west | west | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 spoken | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 Geneva | punct |
| 22 | around | around | ADP | _ | 23 Geneva | case |
| 23 | Geneva | Geneva | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 spoken | obl |
| 24 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 25 Genève | punct |
| 25 | Genève | Genève | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 Geneva | appos |
| 26 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 25 Genève | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 Lausanne | cc |
| 28 | Lausanne | Lausanne | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 Geneva | conj |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 has | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | Switzerland | four national languages and German | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Patient | ||||
| 2 | speak speech: other | present · passive | French | the west | around Geneva and Lausanne | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:french:034-france-and-the-french-speaking-world.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/34-france-and-the-french-speaking-world/8/