The Middle East and Central Asia, sentence 2
These lands are mostly dry, so people built cities where water is: on rivers like the Tigris and Euphrates, and at oases along the old Silk Road.
Who acts: lands, people, water · What happens: be, build · To what, where: cities, rivers
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Middle East and Central Asia» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lands, people, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | These | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 2 lands | det |
| 2 | lands | land | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 dry | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 dry | cop |
| 4 | mostly | mostly | ADV | _ | 5 dry | advmod |
| 5 | dry | dry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 cities | punct |
| 7 | so | so | ADV | _ | 9 built | advmod |
| 8 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 built | nsubj |
| 9 | built | build | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 dry | parataxis |
| 10 | cities | city | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 built | obj |
| 11 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 13 is | advmod |
| 12 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 is | nsubj |
| 13 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 cities | acl:relcl |
| 14 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 16 rivers | punct |
| 15 | on | on | ADP | _ | 16 rivers | case |
| 16 | rivers | river | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 is | obl |
| 17 | like | like | ADP | _ | 19 Tigris | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 Tigris | det |
| 19 | Tigris | Tigris | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 rivers | nmod |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 Euphrates | cc |
| 21 | Euphrates | Euphrates | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 Tigris | conj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 oases | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 oases | cc |
| 24 | at | at | ADP | _ | 25 oases | case |
| 25 | oases | oasis | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 rivers | conj |
| 26 | along | along | ADP | _ | 30 Road | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 Road | det |
| 28 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 Road | amod |
| 29 | Silk | Silk | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 Road | compound |
| 30 | Road | Road | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 oases | nmod |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 dry | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | this lands | dry, mostly property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | build | past | people | cities | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent city=Product | ||||
| 3 | be | present | water | rivers like the Tigris and Euphrates and oases along the old Silk Road | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on river=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:012-middle-east-and-central-asia.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/12-middle-east-and-central-asia/2/