Africa: countries and capitals, sentence 14

At the Berlin Conference of 1884 and 1885 European powers agreed rules for dividing Africa without any African present, and by 1914 only Ethiopia and Liberia were independent.

Who acts: European powers, rules, Ethiopia · What happens: agree, divide, be · To what, where: rules, Berlin Conference, Africa

This is a sentence of the lesson «Africa: countries and capitals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (European powers, rules, Ethiopia), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	At	at	ADP	_	4 Conference	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 Conference	det
3	Berlin	Berlin	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 Conference	compound
4	Conference	Conference	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 agreed	obl
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 1884	case
6	1884	1884	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	4 Conference	nmod
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 1885	cc
8	1885	1885	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 1884	conj
9	European	European	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 powers	amod
10	powers	power	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 agreed	nsubj
11	agreed	agree	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
12	rules	rule	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 agreed	obj
13	for	for	SCONJ	_	14 dividing	mark
14	dividing	divide	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 rules	acl
15	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 dividing	obj
16	without	without	ADP	_	19 present	case
17	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	19 present	det
18	African	African	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 present	amod
19	present	present	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 dividing	obl
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 independent	punct
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 independent	cc
22	by	by	ADP	_	23 1914	case
23	1914	1914	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	29 independent	obl
24	only	only	ADV	_	25 Ethiopia	advmod
25	Ethiopia	Ethiopia	PROPN	Number=Sing	29 independent	nsubj
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 Liberia	cc
27	Liberia	Liberia	PROPN	Number=Sing	25 Ethiopia	conj
28	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	29 independent	cop
29	independent	independent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 agreed	conj
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 agreed	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	agree speech: agree	past	European powers	rules	the Berlin Conference of 1884		vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent rule=Topic
2	divide	gerund	rules not said here	Africa		without any African present	vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent africa=Theme
3	is	past	Ethiopia and Liberia			by 1914; independent property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:013-africa-countries-and-capitals.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/13-africa-countries-and-capitals/14/