Africa: countries and capitals, sentence 15
Between the 1500s and the 1800s about 12.5 million Africans were forced onto ships to the Americas, and roughly 1.8 million died during the crossing.
Who acts: 1.8 million · What happens: force, die · To what, where: million Africans, ships
This is a sentence of the lesson «Africa: countries and capitals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (1.8 million), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Between | between | ADP | _ | 3 1500s | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 1500s | det |
| 3 | 1500s | 1500 | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 12 forced | obl |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 1800s | cc |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 1800s | det |
| 6 | 1800s | 1800 | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 3 1500s | conj |
| 7 | about | about | ADV | _ | 9 million | advmod |
| 8 | 12.5 | 12.5 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 9 million | compound |
| 9 | million | million | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 10 Africans | nummod |
| 10 | Africans | african | PROPN | Number=Plur | 12 forced | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 forced | aux:pass |
| 12 | forced | force | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 13 | onto | onto | ADP | _ | 14 ships | case |
| 14 | ships | ship | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 forced | obl |
| 15 | to | to | ADP | _ | 17 Americas | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 Americas | det |
| 17 | Americas | Americas | PROPN | Number=Plur | 12 forced | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 died | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 died | cc |
| 20 | roughly | roughly | ADV | _ | 22 million | advmod |
| 21 | 1.8 | 1.8 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 22 million | compound |
| 22 | million | million | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 23 died | nsubj |
| 23 | died | die | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 forced | conj |
| 24 | during | during | ADP | _ | 26 crossing | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 crossing | det |
| 26 | crossing | crossing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 died | obl |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 forced | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | force | past · passive | million Africans | ships | between the 1500s and the 1800s; to the Americas | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Recipient | |||
| 2 | die | past | 1.8 million | during the crossing | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:013-africa-countries-and-capitals.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/13-africa-countries-and-capitals/15/