Africa: countries and capitals, sentence 16

Most African countries won independence between 1956 and 1975; Ghana in 1957 was the first colony south of the Sahara to break free from European rule, and 17 countries became independent in 1960, the «Year of Africa».

Who acts: Most African countries, Ghana, 17 countries · What happens: won, be, break, become · To what, where: independence, first colony, 1960

This is a sentence of the lesson «Africa: countries and capitals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Most African countries, Ghana, 17 countries), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	3 countries	amod
2	African	African	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 countries	amod
3	countries	country	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 won	nsubj
4	won	won	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 colony	parataxis
5	independence	independence	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 won	obj
6	between	between	ADP	_	7 1956	case
7	1956	1956	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	4 won	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 1975	cc
9	1975	1975	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	7 1956	conj
10	;	;	PUNCT	_	11 Ghana	punct
11	Ghana	Ghana	PROPN	Number=Sing	17 colony	nsubj
12	in	in	ADP	_	13 1957	case
13	1957	1957	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	11 Ghana	nmod
14	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 colony	cop
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 colony	det
16	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	17 colony	amod
17	colony	colony	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
18	south	south	ADV	_	17 colony	advmod
19	of	of	ADP	_	21 Sahara	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 Sahara	det
21	Sahara	Sahara	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 south	obl
22	to	to	PART	_	23 break	mark
23	break	break	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	17 colony	acl
24	free	free	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 break	xcomp
25	from	from	ADP	_	27 rule	case
26	European	European	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 rule	amod
27	rule	rule	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 free	obl
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 became	punct
29	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 became	cc
30	17	17	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	31 countries	nummod
31	countries	country	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 became	nsubj
32	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 colony	conj
33	independent	independent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 became	xcomp
34	in	in	ADP	_	35 1960	case
35	1960	1960	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	32 became	obl
36	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 became	punct
37	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	39 Year	det
38	«	«	PUNCT	_	39 Year	punct
39	Year	Year	PROPN	Number=Sing	35 1960	appos
40	of	of	ADP	_	41 Africa	case
41	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	39 Year	nmod
42	»	»	PUNCT	_	39 Year	punct
43	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 won	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	won	past	Most African countries	independence	between 1956	tree rules
2	is a	past	Ghana in 1957	the first colony	south property	tree rules
3	break	to-infinitive			free property	vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
4	become	past	17 countries		in 1960 result; independent property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in 1960=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:013-africa-countries-and-capitals.lesson:16.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/13-africa-countries-and-capitals/16/