Africa: countries and capitals, sentence 5
The game shows forts as trade posts, but it hides the human cost: about 12.5 million Africans were forced onto ships to the Americas.
Who acts: game · What happens: show, hide, force · To what, where: forts, human cost, million Africans, ships
This is a sentence of the lesson «Africa: countries and capitals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (game), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 game | det |
| 2 | game | game | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 shows | nsubj |
| 3 | shows | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | forts | fort | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 shows | obj |
| 5 | as | as | ADP | _ | 7 posts | case |
| 6 | trade | trade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 posts | compound |
| 7 | posts | post | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 shows | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 hides | punct |
| 9 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 11 hides | cc |
| 10 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 hides | nsubj |
| 11 | hides | hide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 shows | conj |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 cost | det |
| 13 | human | human | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 cost | amod |
| 14 | cost | cost | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 hides | obj |
| 15 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 18 million | punct |
| 16 | about | about | ADV | _ | 18 million | advmod |
| 17 | 12.5 | 12.5 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 18 million | compound |
| 18 | million | million | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 19 Africans | nummod |
| 19 | Africans | african | PROPN | Number=Plur | 21 forced | nsubj:pass |
| 20 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 forced | aux:pass |
| 21 | forced | force | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 shows | parataxis |
| 22 | onto | onto | ADP | _ | 23 ships | case |
| 23 | ships | ship | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 forced | obl |
| 24 | to | to | ADP | _ | 26 Americas | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 Americas | det |
| 26 | Americas | Americas | PROPN | Number=Plur | 21 forced | obl |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 shows | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | show | present | the game | forts | as trade posts | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent fort=Recipient | |||
| 2 | hide | present | game | the human cost | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cost=Patient | ||||
| 3 | force | past · passive | million Africans | ships | to the Americas | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:013-africa-countries-and-capitals.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/13-africa-countries-and-capitals/5/