Latin America and the Caribbean, sentence 18
The Caribbean islands were colonised by Spain, Britain, France, the Netherlands and Denmark, and Cuba, with its capital Havana, is the largest island; when Columbus arrived in 1492 the islands were home to peoples such as the Taíno.
Who acts: Spain, Columbus, islands · What happens: colonise, be, arrive · To what, where: Caribbean islands, largest island, 1492
This is a sentence of the lesson «Latin America and the Caribbean» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Spain, Columbus, islands), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 islands | det |
| 2 | Caribbean | caribbean | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 islands | amod |
| 3 | islands | island | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 colonised | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 colonised | aux:pass |
| 5 | colonised | colonise | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 Spain | case |
| 7 | Spain | Spain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 colonised | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 Britain | punct |
| 9 | Britain | Britain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Spain | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 France | punct |
| 11 | France | France | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Spain | conj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 Netherlands | punct |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 Netherlands | det |
| 14 | Netherlands | Netherlands | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Spain | conj |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 Denmark | cc |
| 16 | Denmark | Denmark | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Spain | conj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 Cuba | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 Cuba | cc |
| 19 | Cuba | Cuba | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Spain | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 Cuba | punct |
| 21 | with | with | ADP | _ | 24 Havana | case |
| 22 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 capital | nmod:poss |
| 23 | capital | capital | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 Havana | compound |
| 24 | Havana | havana | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 Spain | appos |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 island | punct |
| 26 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 island | cop |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 island | det |
| 28 | largest | large | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 29 island | amod |
| 29 | island | island | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 colonised | conj |
| 30 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 5 colonised | punct |
| 31 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 33 arrived | mark |
| 32 | Columbus | Columbus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 arrived | nsubj |
| 33 | arrived | arrive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 41 peoples | advcl |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 35 1492 | case |
| 35 | 1492 | 1492 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 33 arrived | obl |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 islands | det |
| 37 | islands | island | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 peoples | nsubj |
| 38 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 41 peoples | cop |
| 39 | home | home | ADV | _ | 41 peoples | advmod |
| 40 | to | to | ADP | _ | 41 peoples | case |
| 41 | peoples | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 colonised | parataxis |
| 42 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 45 Taíno | case |
| 43 | as | as | ADP | _ | 42 such | fixed |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 Taíno | det |
| 45 | Taíno | Taíno | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 peoples | nmod |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 colonised | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | colonise | past · passive | Spain and Britain and France and the Netherlands and Denmark and Cuba | the Caribbean islands | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is a | present | Spain and Britain and France and the Netherlands and Denmark and Cuba not said here | the largest island | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | arrive | past | Columbus | 1492 | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | is | past | the islands | to peoples; such the Taíno; home property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:014-latin-america-and-the-caribbean.lesson:18.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/14-latin-america-and-the-caribbean/18/