Mountains and highlands, sentence 14

Mountains force moist air to rise and drop rain on the windward side (the side the wind blows onto), leaving a dry rain shadow on the other side.

Who acts: Mountains, moist air, wind · What happens: force, rise, drop, blow, leave · To what, where: moist air, rain, windward side, side, dry rain shadow, other side

This is a sentence of the lesson «Mountains and highlands» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mountains, moist air, wind), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mountains	mountain	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 force	nsubj
2	force	force	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	moist	moist	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 air	amod
4	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 force	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 rise	mark
6	rise	rise	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 force	xcomp
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 drop	cc
8	drop	drop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 rise	conj
9	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 drop	obj
10	on	on	ADP	_	13 side	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 side	det
12	windward	windward	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 side	amod
13	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 drop	obl
14	(	(	PUNCT	_	19 blows	punct
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 side	det
16	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 side	appos
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 wind	det
18	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 blows	nsubj
19	blows	blow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 side	acl:relcl
20	onto	onto	ADP	_	19 blows	obl
21	)	)	PUNCT	_	19 blows	punct
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 leaving	punct
23	leaving	leave	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 force	advcl
24	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	27 shadow	det
25	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 shadow	amod
26	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 shadow	compound
27	shadow	shadow	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 leaving	obj
28	on	on	ADP	_	31 side	case
29	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 side	det
30	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 side	amod
31	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 leaving	obl
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 force	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	force	present	Mountains	moist air		vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent air=Recipient clause=Topic
2	rise	to-infinitive	moist air not said here			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	drop	infinitive	moist air not said here	rain	the windward side	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent rain=Theme on side=Destination
4	blow	present	the wind	the side not said here		vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent side=Patient
5	leave	gerund	Mountains not said here	a dry rain shadow	the other side	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent shadow=Theme on side=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:017-mountains-and-highlands.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/17-mountains-and-highlands/14/