Mountains and highlands, sentence 16
The Scottish Highlands and the Appalachian Mountains of North America are parts of the same ancient mountain chain, formed over 400 million years ago before the Atlantic Ocean opened.
Who acts: Scottish Highlands, Atlantic Ocean · What happens: be, form, open · To what, where: parts, same ancient mountain chain
This is a sentence of the lesson «Mountains and highlands» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Scottish Highlands, Atlantic Ocean), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Highlands | det |
| 2 | Scottish | Scottish | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 Highlands | amod |
| 3 | Highlands | highland | PROPN | Number=Plur | 12 parts | nsubj |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 Mountains | cc |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 Mountains | det |
| 6 | Appalachian | Appalachian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Mountains | compound |
| 7 | Mountains | Mountain | PROPN | Number=Plur | 3 Highlands | conj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 America | case |
| 9 | North | North | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 America | compound |
| 10 | America | America | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Mountains | nmod |
| 11 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 parts | cop |
| 12 | parts | part | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 chain | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 chain | det |
| 15 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 chain | amod |
| 16 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 chain | amod |
| 17 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 chain | compound |
| 18 | chain | chain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 parts | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 formed | punct |
| 20 | formed | form | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 chain | acl |
| 21 | over | over | ADV | _ | 23 million | advmod |
| 22 | 400 | 400 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 23 million | compound |
| 23 | million | million | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 24 years | nummod |
| 24 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 25 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 20 formed | advmod |
| 26 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 30 opened | mark |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 Ocean | det |
| 28 | Atlantic | Atlantic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 Ocean | compound |
| 29 | Ocean | Ocean | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 opened | nsubj |
| 30 | opened | open | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 formed | advcl |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 parts | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the Scottish Highlands and the Appalachian Mountains of North America | parts | of the same ancient mountain chain | tree rules | |||
| 2 | form | participle | the same ancient mountain chain not said here | ago property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | open | past | the Atlantic Ocean | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:017-mountains-and-highlands.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/17-mountains-and-highlands/16/