Straits: Bosporus, Gibraltar, Malacca, Hormuz and the other narrow doors, sentence 2
That is why straits made rulers rich and fought over: Constantinople guarded the Bosporus, Denmark charged every foreign ship a toll at the Øresund from 1429 to 1857, and Portugal seized Malacca in 1511 and Hormuz in 1515.
Who acts: straits, Constantinople, Denmark, Portugal · What happens: make, fight over, guard, charge, seize · To what, where: rulers, Bosporus, toll, foreign ship, Øresund, Malacca
This is a sentence of the lesson «Straits: Bosporus, Gibraltar, Malacca, Hormuz and the other narrow doors» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (straits, Constantinople, Denmark, Portugal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | That | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 is | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Rel | 5 made | advmod |
| 4 | straits | strait | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 made | nsubj |
| 5 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 is | ccomp |
| 6 | rulers | ruler | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 made | obj |
| 7 | rich | rich | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 made | xcomp |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 fought | cc |
| 9 | fought | fight | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 made | conj |
| 10 | over | over | ADV | _ | 9 fought | advmod |
| 11 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 13 guarded | punct |
| 12 | Constantinople | Constantinople | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 guarded | nsubj |
| 13 | guarded | guard | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 is | parataxis |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 Bosporus | det |
| 15 | Bosporus | Bosporus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 guarded | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 charged | punct |
| 17 | Denmark | Denmark | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 charged | nsubj |
| 18 | charged | charge | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 guarded | parataxis |
| 19 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 21 ship | det |
| 20 | foreign | foreign | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 ship | amod |
| 21 | ship | ship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 charged | iobj |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 toll | det |
| 23 | toll | toll | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 charged | obj |
| 24 | at | at | ADP | _ | 26 Øresund | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 Øresund | det |
| 26 | Øresund | Øresund | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 toll | nmod |
| 27 | from | from | ADP | _ | 28 1429 | case |
| 28 | 1429 | 1429 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 18 charged | obl |
| 29 | to | to | ADP | _ | 30 1857 | case |
| 30 | 1857 | 1857 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 28 1429 | nmod |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 seized | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 seized | cc |
| 33 | Portugal | Portugal | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 seized | nsubj |
| 34 | seized | seize | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 charged | conj |
| 35 | Malacca | Malacca | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 seized | obj |
| 36 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 1511 | case |
| 37 | 1511 | 1511 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 34 seized | obl |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 Hormuz | cc |
| 39 | Hormuz | Hormuz | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 1511 | conj |
| 40 | in | in | ADP | _ | 41 1515 | case |
| 41 | 1515 | 1515 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 34 seized | obl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 is | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- pos
- teacher
- changed act=assert
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past | straits | rulers | rich property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset ruler=Product | |||
| 2 | fight over | past | straits not said here | over property | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | guard | past | Constantinople | the Bosporus | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bosporus=Beneficiary | ||||
| 4 | charge | past | Denmark | a toll | every foreign ship | the Øresund | from 1429 to 1857 | vn bill-54.5-1 «NP V NP NP.asset»: agent=Agent ship=Recipient toll=Asset | |
| 5 | seize | past | Portugal | Malacca | 1511 and Hormuz | in 1515 | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent malacca=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:019-straits-the-narrow-doors.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/19-straits-the-narrow-doors/2/