Canals: Suez, Panama and the shortcuts, sentence 2
The Suez Canal, opened in 1869, joins the Mediterranean to the Red Sea with no locks, because both seas are at nearly the same level; it cut a voyage from London to Mumbai by about 40 percent compared with sailing around Africa.
Who acts: Suez Canal, seas, canal · What happens: open, join, be, cut, compare, sail · To what, where: 1869, Mediterranean, same level, voyage, Mumbai, London
This is a sentence of the lesson «Canals: Suez, Panama and the shortcuts» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Suez Canal, seas, canal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Canal | det |
| 2 | Suez | Suez | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Canal | compound |
| 3 | Canal | Canal | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 opened | nsubj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 Canal | punct |
| 5 | opened | open | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 1869 | case |
| 7 | 1869 | 1869 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 opened | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 joins | punct |
| 9 | joins | join | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 opened | conj |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 Mediterranean | det |
| 11 | Mediterranean | Mediterranean | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 joins | obj |
| 12 | to | to | ADP | _ | 15 Sea | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 Sea | det |
| 14 | Red | Red | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Sea | compound |
| 15 | Sea | Sea | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 joins | obl |
| 16 | with | with | ADP | _ | 18 locks | case |
| 17 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 18 locks | det |
| 18 | locks | lock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 joins | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 level | punct |
| 20 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 28 level | mark |
| 21 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 22 seas | det |
| 22 | seas | sea | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 level | nsubj |
| 23 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 level | cop |
| 24 | at | at | ADP | _ | 28 level | case |
| 25 | nearly | nearly | ADV | _ | 28 level | advmod |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 level | det |
| 27 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 level | amod |
| 28 | level | level | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 opened | obl |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 cut | punct |
| 30 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 cut | nsubj |
| 31 | cut | cut | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 opened | conj |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 voyage | det |
| 33 | voyage | voyage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 cut | obj |
| 34 | from | from | ADP | _ | 35 London | case |
| 35 | London | London | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 voyage | nmod |
| 36 | to | to | ADP | _ | 37 Mumbai | case |
| 37 | Mumbai | Mumbai | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 cut | obl |
| 38 | by | by | ADP | _ | 41 percent | case |
| 39 | about | about | ADV | _ | 40 40 | advmod |
| 40 | 40 | 40 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 41 percent | nummod |
| 41 | percent | percent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 cut | obl |
| 42 | compared | compare | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 cut | advcl |
| 43 | with | with | SCONJ | _ | 44 sailing | mark |
| 44 | sailing | sail | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 42 compared | obl |
| 45 | around | around | ADP | _ | 46 Africa | case |
| 46 | Africa | Africa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 44 sailing | obl |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 opened | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | open | past | the Suez Canal | 1869 | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent in 1869=Location | ||||
| 2 | join | present | the Suez Canal not said here | the Mediterranean | to the Red Sea; with no locks | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent mediterranean=Patient to sea=Co-Patient | |||
| 3 | is | present | both seas | the same level | nearly property | tree rules | |||
| 4 | cut | past | canal | a voyage | Mumbai | London | by 40 percent | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2 «NP V NP.patient PP.extent PP.initial_state PP.result»: agent=Causer voyage=Patient to mumbai=Result by percent=Extent from london=Initial_State | |
| 5 | compare | participle | canal not said here | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 6 | sail | gerund | Africa | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent around africa=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:020-canals-suez-panama-and-the-shortcuts.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/20-canals-suez-panama-and-the-shortcuts/2/