Canals: Suez, Panama and the shortcuts, sentence 3
The Panama Canal, opened in 1914, needs locks, because ships climb about 26 metres to Gatun Lake and back down; every ship uses about 200 million litres of fresh water, so a drought in 2023 forced the canal to let fewer ships through.
Who acts: Panama Canal, ships, ship, drought, canal · What happens: open, need, climb, use, force, let · To what, where: Panama Canal, 1914, locks, 26 metres, million litres, canal
This is a sentence of the lesson «Canals: Suez, Panama and the shortcuts» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Panama Canal, ships, ship, drought), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Canal | det |
| 2 | Panama | Panama | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Canal | compound |
| 3 | Canal | Canal | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 needs | nsubj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 Canal | punct |
| 5 | opened | open | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 Canal | acl |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 1914 | case |
| 7 | 1914 | 1914 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 opened | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 needs | punct |
| 9 | needs | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | locks | lock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 needs | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 climb | punct |
| 12 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 14 climb | mark |
| 13 | ships | ship | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 climb | nsubj |
| 14 | climb | climb | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 needs | advcl |
| 15 | about | about | ADV | _ | 16 26 | advmod |
| 16 | 26 | 26 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 17 metres | nummod |
| 17 | metres | metre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 climb | obl |
| 18 | to | to | ADP | _ | 20 Lake | case |
| 19 | Gatun | Gatun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 Lake | compound |
| 20 | Lake | Lake | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 metres | nmod |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 down | cc |
| 22 | back | back | ADV | _ | 23 down | advmod |
| 23 | down | down | ADV | _ | 17 metres | conj |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 27 uses | punct |
| 25 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 26 ship | det |
| 26 | ship | ship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 uses | nsubj |
| 27 | uses | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 down | advcl |
| 28 | about | about | ADV | _ | 30 million | advmod |
| 29 | 200 | 200 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 30 million | compound |
| 30 | million | million | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 31 litres | nummod |
| 31 | litres | litre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 uses | obj |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 water | case |
| 33 | fresh | fresh | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 water | amod |
| 34 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 litres | nmod |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 forced | punct |
| 36 | so | so | ADV | _ | 41 forced | advmod |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 drought | det |
| 38 | drought | drought | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 forced | nsubj |
| 39 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 2023 | case |
| 40 | 2023 | 2023 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 38 drought | nmod |
| 41 | forced | force | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 down | conj |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 canal | det |
| 43 | canal | canal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 forced | obj |
| 44 | to | to | PART | _ | 45 let | mark |
| 45 | let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 41 forced | xcomp |
| 46 | fewer | few | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 47 ships | amod |
| 47 | ships | ship | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 let | obj |
| 48 | through | through | ADV | _ | 45 let | advmod |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 needs | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | open | participle | the Panama Canal not said here | 1914 | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in 1914=Location | ||||
| 2 | need | present | the Panama Canal | locks | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot lock=Theme | ||||
| 3 | climb | present | ships | 26 metres to Gatun Lake | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | use | present | every ship | million litres of fresh water | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent litre=Patient | ||||
| 5 | force | past | a drought in 2023 | the canal | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent canal=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 6 | let | to-infinitive | the canal not said here | fewer ships | through property | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ship=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:020-canals-suez-panama-and-the-shortcuts.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/20-canals-suez-panama-and-the-shortcuts/3/