Climate zones and why they are where they are, sentence 19
The side of a mountain range facing away from the wet wind is often dry, which is called a rain shadow (that side is called the leeward side), and the Atacama Desert in Chile lies partly in the rain shadow of the Andes.
Who acts: mountain range, side, rain shadow, Atacama Desert · What happens: face away, be, call, lie, shadow · To what, where: wet wind, rain shadow, side, Andes · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Climate zones and why they are where they are» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mountain range, side, rain shadow, Atacama Desert), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 side | det |
| 2 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 dry | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 range | case |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 range | det |
| 5 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 range | compound |
| 6 | range | range | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 side | nmod |
| 7 | facing | face | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 6 range | acl |
| 8 | away | away | ADV | _ | 7 facing | advmod |
| 9 | from | from | ADP | _ | 12 wind | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 wind | det |
| 11 | wet | wet | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 wind | amod |
| 12 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 facing | obl |
| 13 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 dry | cop |
| 14 | often | often | ADV | _ | 15 dry | advmod |
| 15 | dry | dry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 called | punct |
| 17 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 called | nsubj:pass |
| 18 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 called | aux:pass |
| 19 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 dry | acl:relcl |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 shadow | det |
| 21 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 shadow | compound |
| 22 | shadow | shadow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 called | xcomp |
| 23 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 27 called | punct |
| 24 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 25 side | det |
| 25 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 called | nsubj:pass |
| 26 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 called | aux:pass |
| 27 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 shadow | acl |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 side | det |
| 29 | leeward | leeward | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 side | amod |
| 30 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 called | xcomp |
| 31 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 27 called | punct |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 lies | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 lies | cc |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 Desert | det |
| 35 | Atacama | Atacama | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 Desert | compound |
| 36 | Desert | Desert | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 lies | nsubj |
| 37 | in | in | ADP | _ | 38 Chile | case |
| 38 | Chile | Chile | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 Desert | nmod |
| 39 | lies | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 dry | conj |
| 40 | partly | partly | ADV | _ | 39 lies | advmod |
| 41 | in | in | ADP | _ | 44 shadow | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 shadow | det |
| 43 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 shadow | compound |
| 44 | shadow | shadow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 lies | obl |
| 45 | of | of | ADP | _ | 47 Andes | case |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 Andes | det |
| 47 | Andes | Andes | PROPN | Number=Plur | 44 shadow | nmod |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 15 dry | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | face away | gerund | a mountain range not said here | the wet wind | away property | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | |||
| 2 | is | present | the side of a mountain range | dry, often property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | call | present · passive | a rain shadow | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | |||||
| 4 | call | present · passive | a rain shadow not said here | that side | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | ||||
| 5 | lie | present | the Atacama Desert in Chile | the rain shadow of the Andes | partly property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in shadow=Location | |||
| 6 | shadow | the Andes | nom shadow «state transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:021-climate-zones-and-why-they-are-where-they-are.lesson:19.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/21-climate-zones-and-why-they-are-where-they-are/19/