Winds, monsoons and ocean currents, sentence 0
On a sunny afternoon at the beach the land heats faster than the sea, the warm air over the sand rises, and cooler air slides in from the water to take its place: that is a sea breeze.
Who acts: land, warm air, cooler air, that · What happens: heat, rise, slide, take, be · To what, where: sand, water, place, sea breeze
This is a sentence of the lesson «Winds, monsoons and ocean currents» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (land, warm air, cooler air, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | ADP | _ | 4 afternoon | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 afternoon | det |
| 3 | sunny | sunny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 afternoon | amod |
| 4 | afternoon | afternoon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 heats | obl |
| 5 | at | at | ADP | _ | 7 beach | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 beach | det |
| 7 | beach | beach | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 afternoon | nmod |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 land | det |
| 9 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 heats | nsubj |
| 10 | heats | heat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | faster | fast | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 10 heats | advmod |
| 12 | than | than | ADP | _ | 14 sea | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 sea | det |
| 14 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 faster | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 rises | punct |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 air | det |
| 17 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 air | amod |
| 18 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 rises | nsubj |
| 19 | over | over | ADP | _ | 21 sand | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 sand | det |
| 21 | sand | sand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 rises | obl |
| 22 | rises | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 heats | conj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 slides | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 slides | cc |
| 25 | cooler | cool | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 26 air | amod |
| 26 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 slides | nsubj |
| 27 | slides | slide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 heats | conj |
| 28 | in | in | ADV | _ | 27 slides | advmod |
| 29 | from | from | ADP | _ | 31 water | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 water | det |
| 31 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 slides | obl |
| 32 | to | to | PART | _ | 33 take | mark |
| 33 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 slides | advcl |
| 34 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 place | nmod:poss |
| 35 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 take | obj |
| 36 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 41 breeze | punct |
| 37 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 41 breeze | nsubj |
| 38 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 41 breeze | cop |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 41 breeze | det |
| 40 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 breeze | compound |
| 41 | breeze | breeze | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 heats | parataxis |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 41 breeze | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | heat | present | the land | afternoon | fast property | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||
| 2 | rise | present | the warm air | the sand | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over sand=Location | ||||
| 3 | slide | present | cooler air | the water | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from water=Trajectory | ||||
| 4 | take | to-infinitive | cooler air not said here | air's place | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent place=Theme | ||||
| 5 | is a | present | that | a sea breeze | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:022-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/0/