Languages and peoples on the map, sentence 3

Latin spread with the Roman Empire and slowly became Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian and Romanian; Arabic spread across North Africa after the 600s; Spanish, Portuguese, English and French spread with colonies and empires.

Who acts: Latin, Arabic, Spanish · What happens: spread, become · To what, where: North Africa

This is a sentence of the lesson «Languages and peoples on the map» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Latin, Arabic, Spanish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Latin	Latin	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 spread	nsubj
2	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	with	with	ADP	_	6 Empire	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Empire	det
5	Roman	Roman	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 Empire	compound
6	Empire	empire	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 spread	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 became	cc
8	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	9 became	advmod
9	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 spread	conj
10	Spanish	Spanish	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 became	xcomp
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 Portuguese	punct
12	Portuguese	Portuguese	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 Spanish	conj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 French	punct
14	French	French	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 Spanish	conj
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 Italian	punct
16	Italian	Italian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 Spanish	conj
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 Romanian	cc
18	Romanian	Romanian	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 Spanish	conj
19	;	;	PUNCT	_	21 spread	punct
20	Arabic	Arabic	PROPN	Number=Sing	21 spread	nsubj
21	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 spread	parataxis
22	across	across	ADP	_	24 Africa	case
23	North	North	PROPN	Number=Sing	24 Africa	compound
24	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	21 spread	obl
25	after	after	ADP	_	27 600s	case
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 600s	det
27	600s	600	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	21 spread	obl
28	;	;	PUNCT	_	31 Portuguese	punct
29	Spanish	Spanish	PROPN	Number=Sing	36 spread	nsubj
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 Portuguese	punct
31	Portuguese	Portuguese	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 Spanish	conj
32	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 English	punct
33	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	29 Spanish	conj
34	and	and	CCONJ	_	35 French	cc
35	French	French	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 Spanish	conj
36	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 spread	conj
37	with	with	ADP	_	38 colonies	case
38	colonies	colony	NOUN	Number=Plur	36 spread	obl
39	and	and	CCONJ	_	40 empires	cc
40	empires	empire	NOUN	Number=Plur	38 colonies	conj
41	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 spread	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	when	other	roles by
1	spread	past	Latin			with the Roman Empire	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	become	past	Latin not said here			slowly, spanish property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
3	spread	past	Arabic	North Africa	after the 600s		vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme across africa=Destination
4	spread	past	Spanish and English			with colonies and empires	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:025-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×5. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/25-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map/3/