Languages and peoples on the map, sentence 4
About 7,000 languages are spoken today, and nearly half are endangered, because children grow up speaking a bigger language instead.
Who acts: half, children · What happens: speak, be, grow up · To what, where: 7,000 languages, bigger language · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Languages and peoples on the map» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (half, children), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | About | about | ADV | _ | 2 7,000 | advmod |
| 2 | 7,000 | 7000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 languages | nummod |
| 3 | languages | language | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 spoken | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 spoken | aux:pass |
| 5 | spoken | speak | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | today | today | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 spoken | obl:unmarked |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 endangered | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 languages | cc |
| 9 | nearly | nearly | ADV | _ | 10 half | advmod |
| 10 | half | half | NOUN | Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac | 12 endangered | nsubj |
| 11 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 endangered | cop |
| 12 | endangered | endangered | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 spoken | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 grow | punct |
| 14 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 16 grow | mark |
| 15 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 grow | nsubj |
| 16 | grow | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 endangered | advcl |
| 17 | up | up | ADP | _ | 16 grow | compound:prt |
| 18 | speaking | speak | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 grow | xcomp |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 language | det |
| 20 | bigger | big | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 21 language | amod |
| 21 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 speaking | obj |
| 22 | instead | instead | ADV | _ | 18 speaking | advmod |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 spoken | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | speak speech: other | present · passive | 7,000 languages | today | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is | present | half | endangered property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | grow up | present | children | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | speak speech: other | gerund | children not said here | a bigger language | instead property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:025-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/25-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map/4/