Languages and peoples on the map, sentence 6

When people with different first languages need to trade or rule, they use a shared one, a lingua franca, like Swahili on the East African coast or Persian at the courts of India.

Who acts: people, languages · What happens: need, trade, rule, use, share · To what, where: shared one

This is a sentence of the lesson «Languages and peoples on the map» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, languages), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	When	when	ADV	_	7 need	advmod
2	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 need	nsubj
3	with	with	ADP	_	6 languages	case
4	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 languages	amod
5	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	6 languages	amod
6	languages	language	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 people	nmod
7	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 use	advcl
8	to	to	PART	_	9 trade	mark
9	trade	trade	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 need	xcomp
10	or	or	CCONJ	_	11 rule	cc
11	rule	rule	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 trade	conj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 need	punct
13	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 use	nsubj
14	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 one	det
16	shared	share	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	17 one	amod
17	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 use	obj
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 lingua	punct
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 lingua	det
20	lingua	lingua	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 one	appos
21	franca	franca	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 one	appos
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 Swahili	punct
23	like	like	ADP	_	24 Swahili	case
24	Swahili	Swahili	PROPN	Number=Sing	17 one	nmod
25	on	on	ADP	_	29 coast	case
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 coast	det
27	East	East	PROPN	Number=Sing	28 African	compound
28	African	African	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 coast	amod
29	coast	coast	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 Swahili	nmod
30	or	or	CCONJ	_	31 Persian	cc
31	Persian	Persian	PROPN	Number=Sing	29 coast	conj
32	at	at	ADP	_	34 courts	case
33	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	34 courts	det
34	courts	court	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 Persian	obl
35	of	of	ADP	_	36 India	case
36	India	India	PROPN	Number=Sing	34 courts	nmod
37	.	.	PUNCT	_	14 use	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	need	present	people with different first languages			vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
2	trade not said to happen	to-infinitive	people with different first languages not said here			vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	rule	infinitive	people with different first languages not said here			vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	use	present	languages = language	a shared one	like Swahili on the African coast or Persian	vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient
5	share	participle				tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:025-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map.lesson:6.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/25-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map/6/