The spice trade and the Indian Ocean, sentence 8

Venice grew rich buying spices in ports such as Alexandria and Beirut and selling them across Europe, but once ships sailed round Africa straight to India, its spice trade faced strong competition and declined.

Who acts: Venice, ships, spice trade, nutmeg · What happens: grow, buy, sell, sail, face, decline · To what, where: spices, ports, Europe, India, Africa, strong competition

This is a sentence of the lesson «The spice trade and the Indian Ocean» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Venice, ships, spice trade, nutmeg), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Venice	Venice	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 grew	nsubj
2	grew	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	rich	rich	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 grew	xcomp
4	buying	buy	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 grew	advcl
5	spices	spice	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 buying	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 ports	case
7	ports	port	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 buying	obl
8	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	10 Alexandria	case
9	as	as	ADP	_	8 such	fixed
10	Alexandria	Alexandria	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 ports	nmod
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 Beirut	cc
12	Beirut	Beirut	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 Alexandria	conj
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 selling	cc
14	selling	sell	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 buying	conj
15	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 selling	obj
16	across	across	ADP	_	17 Europe	case
17	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 selling	obl
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 faced	punct
19	but	but	CCONJ	_	32 faced	cc
20	once	once	SCONJ	_	22 sailed	mark
21	ships	ship	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 sailed	nsubj
22	sailed	sail	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	32 faced	advcl
23	round	round	ADP	_	24 Africa	case
24	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	22 sailed	obl
25	straight	straight	ADV	_	27 India	advmod
26	to	to	ADP	_	27 India	case
27	India	India	PROPN	Number=Sing	22 sailed	obl
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 sailed	punct
29	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	31 trade	nmod:poss
30	spice	spice	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 trade	compound
31	trade	trade	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 faced	nsubj
32	faced	face	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 grew	conj
33	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	34 competition	amod
34	competition	competition	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 faced	obj
35	and	and	CCONJ	_	36 declined	cc
36	declined	decline	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	32 faced	conj
37	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 grew	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	other	roles by
1	grow	past	Venice				rich property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	buy	gerund	Venice not said here	spices		ports such Alexandria and Beirut		vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spice=Theme
3	sell	gerund	Venice not said here	spices = spice		Europe		vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme
4	sail	past	ships		India	Africa		vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent round africa=Trajectory
5	face	past	nutmeg's spice trade	strong competition				vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme competition=Destination
6	decline	past	nutmeg's spice trade not said here					vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
7	trade		nutmeg					nom trade «act transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:029-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/29-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean/8/