The spice trade and the Indian Ocean, sentence 7
Pepper, cinnamon, cloves and nutmeg were very valuable in medieval Europe because they grew only in tropical Asia and passed through many traders.
Who acts: Pepper, Cloves · What happens: be, grow, pass · To what, where: medieval Europe, tropical Asia, many traders
This is a sentence of the lesson «The spice trade and the Indian Ocean» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pepper, Cloves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Pepper | pepper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 valuable | nsubj |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 cinnamon | punct |
| 3 | cinnamon | cinnamon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Pepper | conj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 cloves | punct |
| 5 | cloves | clove | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Pepper | conj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 nutmeg | cc |
| 7 | nutmeg | nutmeg | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Pepper | conj |
| 8 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 valuable | cop |
| 9 | very | very | ADV | _ | 10 valuable | advmod |
| 10 | valuable | valuable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 Europe | case |
| 12 | medieval | medieval | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 Europe | amod |
| 13 | Europe | Europe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 valuable | obl |
| 14 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 16 grew | mark |
| 15 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 grew | nsubj |
| 16 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 valuable | advcl |
| 17 | only | only | ADV | _ | 20 Asia | advmod |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 Asia | case |
| 19 | tropical | tropical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 Asia | amod |
| 20 | Asia | Asia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 grew | obl |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 passed | cc |
| 22 | passed | pass | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 grew | conj |
| 23 | through | through | ADP | _ | 25 traders | case |
| 24 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 traders | amod |
| 25 | traders | trader | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 passed | obl |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 valuable | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | Pepper and cinnamon and cloves and nutmeg | medieval Europe | valuable property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | grow | past | Cloves = clove | tropical Asia | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in asia=Location | ||||
| 3 | pass | past | Cloves = clove not said here | many traders | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through trader=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:029-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/29-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean/7/