The spice trade and the Indian Ocean, sentence 6

Real history was rougher and longer: the Indian Ocean was full of trading powers when the Portuguese came, and Europe's merchants won their place largely by force, not by better prices.

Who acts: Real history, Indian Ocean, Portuguese, merchants · What happens: be, come, win · To what, where: place

This is a sentence of the lesson «The spice trade and the Indian Ocean» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Real history, Indian Ocean, Portuguese, merchants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 history	amod
2	history	history	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 rougher	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 rougher	cop
4	rougher	rough	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 longer	cc
6	longer	long	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 rougher	conj
7	:	:	PUNCT	_	4 rougher	punct
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 Ocean	det
9	Indian	Indian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 Ocean	amod
10	Ocean	Ocean	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 full	nsubj
11	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 full	cop
12	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 rougher	parataxis
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 powers	case
14	trading	trading	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 powers	compound
15	powers	power	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 full	obl
16	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	19 came	advmod
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 Portuguese	det
18	Portuguese	Portuguese	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 came	nsubj
19	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 full	advcl
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 won	punct
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 won	cc
22	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	24 merchants	nmod:poss
23	's	's	PART	_	22 Europe	case
24	merchants	merchant	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 won	nsubj
25	won	win	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 full	conj
26	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	27 place	nmod:poss
27	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 won	obj
28	largely	largely	ADV	_	25 won	advmod
29	by	by	ADP	_	30 force	case
30	force	force	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 won	obl
31	,	,	PUNCT	_	35 prices	punct
32	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	35 prices	advmod
33	by	by	ADP	_	35 prices	case
34	better	good	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	35 prices	amod
35	prices	price	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 force	conj
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 rougher	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	past	Real history		rough property	tree rules
2	be		Real history not said here			tree rules
3	is	past	the Indian Ocean		of trading powers; full property	tree rules
4	come	past	the Portuguese			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	win	past	Europe's merchants	merchants's place	by force and better prices; largely property	vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent place=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:029-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean.lesson:6.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/29-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean/6/