The spice trade and the Indian Ocean, sentence 4

The Portuguese did not simply join this trade: they used warships and forts to force others to buy passes and pay duties, and later the Dutch East India Company killed or enslaved most people of the Banda Islands in 1621 to control nutmeg.

Who acts: Portuguese, Europeans, others, Dutch India Company · What happens: not join, use, force, buy, pay, kill · To what, where: trade, warships, others, passes, duties, most people

This is a sentence of the lesson «The spice trade and the Indian Ocean» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Portuguese, Europeans, others, Dutch India Company), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Portuguese	det
2	Portuguese	Portuguese	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 join	nsubj
3	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 join	aux
4	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 join	advmod
5	simply	simply	ADV	_	6 join	advmod
6	join	join	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	8 trade	det
8	trade	trade	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 join	obj
9	:	:	PUNCT	_	6 join	punct
10	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 used	nsubj
11	used	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 join	parataxis
12	warships	warship	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 used	obj
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 forts	cc
14	forts	fort	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 warships	conj
15	to	to	PART	_	16 force	mark
16	force	force	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 used	advcl
17	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 force	obj
18	to	to	PART	_	19 buy	mark
19	buy	buy	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	16 force	xcomp
20	passes	pass	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 buy	obj
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 pay	cc
22	pay	pay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	19 buy	conj
23	duties	duty	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 pay	obj
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 killed	punct
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 killed	cc
26	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	32 killed	advmod
27	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 Company	det
28	Dutch	dutch	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 Company	amod
29	East	East	PROPN	Number=Sing	30 India	compound
30	India	India	PROPN	Number=Sing	31 Company	compound
31	Company	Company	PROPN	Number=Sing	32 killed	nsubj
32	killed	kill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 join	conj
33	or	or	CCONJ	_	34 enslaved	cc
34	enslaved	enslave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	32 killed	conj
35	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	36 people	amod
36	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	34 enslaved	obj
37	of	of	ADP	_	40 Islands	case
38	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	40 Islands	det
39	Banda	Banda	PROPN	Number=Sing	40 Islands	compound
40	Islands	Island	PROPN	Number=Plur	36 people	nmod
41	in	in	ADP	_	42 1621	case
42	1621	1621	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	34 enslaved	obl
43	to	to	PART	_	44 control	mark
44	control	control	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	34 enslaved	advcl
45	nutmeg	nutmeg	NOUN	Number=Sing	44 control	obj
46	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 join	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	not join	past · do-support	the Portuguese	this trade		simply property	vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trade=Patient
2	use	past	Europeans = european	warships and forts			vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent warship=Patient
3	force	to-infinitive	Europeans = european not said here	others			vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent other=Recipient clause=Topic
4	buy	to-infinitive	others not said here	passes			vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pass=Theme
5	pay	infinitive	others not said here	duties			vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent duty=Asset
6	kill	past	the Dutch India Company			late property	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
7	enslave	past	the Dutch India Company not said here	most people of the Banda Islands	1621		vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient
8	control	to-infinitive	the Dutch India Company not said here	nutmeg			vn enforce-63 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nutmeg=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:029-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/29-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean/4/