The Atlantic routes and the slave trade, sentence 10
Ships sailed from Europe to West Africa with goods such as cloth, guns and metal, carried enslaved Africans to the Americas, and brought back sugar, tobacco and cotton, which is called the triangular trade.
Who acts: Ships · What happens: sail, carry, enslave, bring back, call · To what, where: West Africa, Europe, enslaved Africans, Americas, sugar · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Atlantic routes and the slave trade» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ships), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ships | ship | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 sailed | nsubj |
| 2 | sailed | sail | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | from | from | ADP | _ | 4 Europe | case |
| 4 | Europe | Europe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 sailed | obl |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 Africa | case |
| 6 | West | West | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Africa | compound |
| 7 | Africa | Africa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 sailed | obl |
| 8 | with | with | ADP | _ | 9 goods | case |
| 9 | goods | goods | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 2 sailed | obl |
| 10 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 12 cloth | case |
| 11 | as | as | ADP | _ | 10 such | fixed |
| 12 | cloth | cloth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 goods | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 guns | punct |
| 14 | guns | gun | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 cloth | conj |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 metal | cc |
| 16 | metal | metal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 guns | conj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 carried | punct |
| 18 | carried | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 sailed | conj |
| 19 | enslaved | enslave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 Africans | amod |
| 20 | Africans | African | PROPN | Number=Plur | 18 carried | obj |
| 21 | to | to | ADP | _ | 23 Americas | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 Americas | det |
| 23 | Americas | Americas | PROPN | Number=Plur | 18 carried | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 brought | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 brought | cc |
| 26 | brought | bring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 carried | conj |
| 27 | back | back | ADV | _ | 26 brought | advmod |
| 28 | sugar | sugar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 brought | obj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 tobacco | punct |
| 30 | tobacco | tobacco | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 sugar | conj |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 cotton | cc |
| 32 | cotton | cotton | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 sugar | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 called | punct |
| 34 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 36 called | nsubj:pass |
| 35 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 called | aux:pass |
| 36 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 sugar | acl:relcl |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 trade | det |
| 38 | triangular | triangular | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 trade | amod |
| 39 | trade | trade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 called | xcomp |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 18 carried | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sail | past | Ships | West Africa | Europe | with goods such cloth and guns and metal | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent from europe=Trajectory | ||
| 2 | carry | past | Ships not said here | enslaved Africans | the Americas | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent african=Theme to americas=Destination | |||
| 3 | enslave | participle | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | bring back | past | Ships not said here | sugar and tobacco and cotton | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent sugar=Theme | ||||
| 5 | call | present · passive | sugar and tobacco and cotton | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:030-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/10/