The Atlantic routes and the slave trade, sentence 3
Ships carried cloth, guns and metal to West Africa, carried enslaved Africans across the ocean to the Americas, and brought back sugar, tobacco and cotton grown by enslaved people.
Who acts: Ships · What happens: carry, enslave, bring back, grow · To what, where: cloth, West Africa, enslaved Africans, Americas, ocean, sugar
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Atlantic routes and the slave trade» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ships), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ships | ship | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 carried | nsubj |
| 2 | carried | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | cloth | cloth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 carried | obj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 guns | punct |
| 5 | guns | gun | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 cloth | conj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 metal | cc |
| 7 | metal | metal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 cloth | conj |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 Africa | case |
| 9 | West | West | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 Africa | compound |
| 10 | Africa | Africa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 carried | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 carried | punct |
| 12 | carried | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 carried | conj |
| 13 | enslaved | enslave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 Africans | amod |
| 14 | Africans | African | PROPN | Number=Plur | 12 carried | obj |
| 15 | across | across | ADP | _ | 17 ocean | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 ocean | det |
| 17 | ocean | ocean | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 carried | obl |
| 18 | to | to | ADP | _ | 20 Americas | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 Americas | det |
| 20 | Americas | Americas | PROPN | Number=Plur | 12 carried | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 brought | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 brought | cc |
| 23 | brought | bring | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 carried | conj |
| 24 | back | back | ADV | _ | 23 brought | advmod |
| 25 | sugar | sugar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 brought | obj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 tobacco | punct |
| 27 | tobacco | tobacco | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 sugar | conj |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 cotton | cc |
| 29 | cotton | cotton | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 sugar | conj |
| 30 | grown | grow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 29 cotton | acl |
| 31 | by | by | ADP | _ | 33 people | case |
| 32 | enslaved | enslave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 33 people | amod |
| 33 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 grown | obl:agent |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 carried | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | carry | past | Ships | cloth and guns and metal | West Africa | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent cloth=Theme to africa=Destination | |||
| 2 | carry | past | Ships not said here | enslaved Africans | the Americas | the ocean | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent african=Theme to americas=Destination | ||
| 3 | enslave | participle | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | bring back | past | Ships not said here | sugar and tobacco and cotton | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent sugar=Theme | ||||
| 5 | grow | participle | cotton not said here | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | enslave | participle | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:030-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/3/