Borders: why they are where they are, sentence 1
Some borders follow things that are hard to cross, like the high Pyrenees between France and Spain, while others are dead straight because someone drew them with a ruler on a map, often far away.
Who acts: borders, things, others, someone · What happens: follow, be, cross, draw · To what, where: things, others
This is a sentence of the lesson «Borders: why they are where they are» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (borders, things, others, someone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 2 borders | det |
| 2 | borders | border | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 follow | nsubj |
| 3 | follow | follow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 follow | obj |
| 5 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 hard | nsubj |
| 6 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 hard | cop |
| 7 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 things | acl:relcl |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 cross | mark |
| 9 | cross | cross | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 hard | xcomp |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 Pyrenees | punct |
| 11 | like | like | ADP | _ | 14 Pyrenees | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 Pyrenees | det |
| 13 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 Pyrenees | amod |
| 14 | Pyrenees | Pyrenees | PROPN | Number=Plur | 3 follow | obl |
| 15 | between | between | ADP | _ | 16 France | case |
| 16 | France | France | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 Pyrenees | nmod |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 Spain | cc |
| 18 | Spain | Spain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 France | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 dead | punct |
| 20 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 23 dead | mark |
| 21 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 dead | nsubj |
| 22 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 dead | cop |
| 23 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 follow | advcl |
| 24 | straight | straight | ADV | _ | 23 dead | advmod |
| 25 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 27 drew | mark |
| 26 | someone | someone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 27 drew | nsubj |
| 27 | drew | draw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 follow | advcl |
| 28 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 drew | obj |
| 29 | with | with | ADP | _ | 31 ruler | case |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 ruler | det |
| 31 | ruler | ruler | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 drew | obl |
| 32 | on | on | ADP | _ | 34 map | case |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 map | det |
| 34 | map | map | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 ruler | nmod |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 away | punct |
| 36 | often | often | ADV | _ | 38 away | advmod |
| 37 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 38 away | advmod |
| 38 | away | away | ADV | _ | 27 drew | advmod |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 follow | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed polarity=none
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | follow | present | some borders | things | like the high Pyrenees between France and Spain | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme | |||
| 2 | is | present | things | hard property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | cross | to-infinitive | things not said here | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | is | present | others | dead, straight property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | draw | past | someone | others = other | with a ruler on a map; away property | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:031-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/1/