Borders: why they are where they are, sentence 0
A border is a line that people agreed on, or fought over, to show where one country ends and the next begins; you cannot see it from space, and the ground on both sides is usually the same.
Who acts: border, people, one country, next, you, ground · What happens: be, agree, fight over, show, end, begin · To what, where: line, country, space · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Borders: why they are where they are» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (border, people, one country, next), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 border | det |
| 2 | border | border | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 line | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 line | cop |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 line | det |
| 5 | line | line | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 agreed | obj |
| 7 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 agreed | nsubj |
| 8 | agreed | agree | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 line | acl:relcl |
| 9 | on | on | ADV | _ | 8 agreed | advmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 fought | punct |
| 11 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 12 fought | cc |
| 12 | fought | fight | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 agreed | conj |
| 13 | over | over | ADV | _ | 12 fought | advmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 show | punct |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 show | mark |
| 16 | show | show | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 fought | xcomp |
| 17 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 20 ends | advmod |
| 18 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 19 country | nummod |
| 19 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 ends | nsubj |
| 20 | ends | end | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 show | ccomp |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 begins | cc |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 next | det |
| 23 | next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 begins | nsubj |
| 24 | begins | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 ends | conj |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 see | punct |
| 26 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 29 see | nsubj |
| 27 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 29 see | aux |
| 28 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 29 see | advmod |
| 29 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 line | parataxis |
| 30 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 see | obj |
| 31 | from | from | ADP | _ | 32 space | case |
| 32 | space | space | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 see | obl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 same | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 same | cc |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 ground | det |
| 36 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 same | nsubj |
| 37 | on | on | ADP | _ | 39 sides | case |
| 38 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 39 sides | det |
| 39 | sides | side | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 ground | nmod |
| 40 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 43 same | cop |
| 41 | usually | usually | ADV | _ | 43 same | advmod |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 same | det |
| 43 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 see | conj |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 line | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a border | a line | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | agree speech: agree | past | people | a line | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent that=Topic | ||||
| 3 | fight over | past | people not said here | over property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | show | to-infinitive | people not said here | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | end | present | one country | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||||
| 6 | begin | present | the next | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||||
| 7 | not see | can | you | country | space | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | |||
| 8 | is | present | the ground on both sides | same, usually property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:031-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/0/