The Atlantic routes and the slave trade, sentence 21
Tens of millions of people in the Americas today, in Brazil, the USA, the Caribbean and elsewhere, are descendants of Africans brought by the slave trade, and music such as jazz, samba and reggae grew partly from the music they brought from Africa.
Who acts: Tens, descendants · What happens: be, bring, grow · To what, where: descendants, Africans, music, Africa
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Atlantic routes and the slave trade» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tens, descendants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tens | ten | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 descendants | nsubj |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 3 millions | case |
| 3 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Tens | nmod |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 people | case |
| 5 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 millions | nmod |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 Americas | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 Americas | det |
| 8 | Americas | Americas | PROPN | Number=Plur | 5 people | nmod |
| 9 | today | today | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Tens | obl:unmarked |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 Brazil | punct |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 Brazil | case |
| 12 | Brazil | Brazil | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Tens | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 USA | punct |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 USA | det |
| 15 | USA | USA | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Brazil | conj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 Caribbean | punct |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 Caribbean | det |
| 18 | Caribbean | Caribbean | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Brazil | conj |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 elsewhere | cc |
| 20 | elsewhere | elsewhere | ADV | _ | 18 Caribbean | conj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Tens | punct |
| 22 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 descendants | cop |
| 23 | descendants | descendant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 grew | nsubj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 Africans | case |
| 25 | Africans | African | PROPN | Number=Plur | 23 descendants | nmod |
| 26 | brought | bring | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 Africans | acl |
| 27 | by | by | ADP | _ | 30 trade | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 trade | det |
| 29 | slave | slave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 trade | compound |
| 30 | trade | trade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 brought | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 grew | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 music | cc |
| 33 | music | music | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 grew | conj |
| 34 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 36 jazz | case |
| 35 | as | as | ADP | _ | 34 such | fixed |
| 36 | jazz | jazz | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 music | nmod |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 samba | punct |
| 38 | samba | samba | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 jazz | conj |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 reggae | cc |
| 40 | reggae | reggae | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 jazz | conj |
| 41 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 42 | partly | partly | ADV | _ | 41 grew | advmod |
| 43 | from | from | ADP | _ | 45 music | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 music | det |
| 45 | music | music | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 grew | obl |
| 46 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 47 brought | nsubj |
| 47 | brought | bring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 45 music | acl:relcl |
| 48 | from | from | ADP | _ | 49 Africa | case |
| 49 | Africa | Africa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 47 brought | obl |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 23 descendants | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Tens of millions of people in the Americas in Brazil and the USA and the Caribbean | descendants | of Africans | tree rules | |||
| 2 | bring | participle | Africans not said here | by the slave trade | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | grow | past | descendants | from the music; partly property | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.product V PP.patient»: agent=Product from music=Patient | ||||
| 4 | bring | past | descendants = descendant | the music not said here | Africa | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent music=Theme from africa=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:030-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade.lesson:21.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×4. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/21/