Borders: why they are where they are, sentence 4

Lines drawn by outsiders, as in Africa in 1884 or India in 1947, cut through peoples, farms and families, and many of today's troubles still come from them.

Who acts: Lines, many, today · What happens: draw, cut, come, trouble · To what, where: Lines

This is a sentence of the lesson «Borders: why they are where they are» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lines, many, today), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Lines	line	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 cut	nsubj
2	drawn	draw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Lines	acl
3	by	by	ADP	_	4 outsiders	case
4	outsiders	outsider	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 drawn	obl:agent
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Lines	punct
6	as	as	ADP	_	8 Africa	case
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 Africa	case
8	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Lines	nmod
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 1884	case
10	1884	1884	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	8 Africa	nmod
11	or	or	CCONJ	_	12 India	cc
12	India	India	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 Africa	conj
13	in	in	ADP	_	14 1947	case
14	1947	1947	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	8 Africa	nmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 Africa	punct
16	cut	cut	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
17	through	through	ADP	_	18 peoples	case
18	peoples	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 cut	obl
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 farms	punct
20	farms	farm	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 peoples	conj
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 families	cc
22	families	family	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 peoples	conj
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 come	punct
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	31 come	cc
25	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 come	nsubj
26	of	of	ADP	_	29 troubles	case
27	today	today	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 troubles	nmod:poss
28	's	's	PART	_	27 today	case
29	troubles	trouble	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 many	nmod
30	still	still	ADV	_	31 come	advmod
31	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 cut	conj
32	from	from	ADP	_	33 them	case
33	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 come	obl
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	16 cut	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	draw	participle		Lines as Africa in 1884 in 1947 or India not said here			vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	cut	past	Lines as Africa in 1884 in 1947 or India			through peoples and farms and families	vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent through people=Patient
3	come	present	many of today's troubles		still	from troubles = trouble	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from they=Initial_Location
4	trouble		today				nom trouble «cognition transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:031-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/4/