Castile, Portugal and the first sea empires, sentence 14
Hernán Cortés and a small Spanish force, with tens of thousands of Indigenous allies, conquered the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan in 1521, helped by a smallpox outbreak, and Mexico City was built on its ruins.
Who acts: Hernán, outbreak · What happens: conquer, help, build, ruin · To what, where: Aztec capital, 1521, Mexico City, ruins
This is a sentence of the lesson «Castile, Portugal and the first sea empires» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hernán, outbreak), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hernán | Hernán | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 conquered | nsubj |
| 2 | Cortés | Cortés | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Hernán | flat |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 force | cc |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 force | det |
| 5 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 force | amod |
| 6 | Spanish | Spanish | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 force | amod |
| 7 | force | force | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Hernán | conj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 tens | punct |
| 9 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 tens | case |
| 10 | tens | ten | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 force | nmod |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 thousands | case |
| 12 | thousands | thousand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 tens | nmod |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 allies | case |
| 14 | Indigenous | Indigenous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 allies | amod |
| 15 | allies | ally | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 thousands | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Hernán | punct |
| 17 | conquered | conquer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 capital | det |
| 19 | Aztec | Aztec | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 capital | compound |
| 20 | capital | capital | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 conquered | obj |
| 21 | Tenochtitlan | Tenochtitlan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 capital | appos |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 1521 | case |
| 23 | 1521 | 1521 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 17 conquered | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 helped | punct |
| 25 | helped | help | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 conquered | advcl |
| 26 | by | by | ADP | _ | 29 outbreak | case |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 outbreak | det |
| 28 | smallpox | smallpox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 outbreak | compound |
| 29 | outbreak | outbreak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 helped | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 built | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 built | cc |
| 32 | Mexico | Mexico | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 City | compound |
| 33 | City | City | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 built | nsubj:pass |
| 34 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 built | aux:pass |
| 35 | built | build | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 conquered | conj |
| 36 | on | on | ADP | _ | 38 ruins | case |
| 37 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 ruins | nmod:poss |
| 38 | ruins | ruin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 built | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 17 conquered | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | conquer | past | Hernán and a small Spanish force with tens of thousands of Indigenous allies | the Aztec capital | 1521 | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent capital=Patient | |||
| 2 | help | participle | Hernán and a small Spanish force with tens of thousands of Indigenous allies not said here | by a smallpox outbreak | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | build | past · passive | Mexico City | outbreak's ruins | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme on ruin=Source | ||||
| 4 | ruin | outbreak | nom ruin «state transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:033-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires/14/