Muscovy, England and France: how the big powers grew, sentence 1

They grew like a snowball rolling downhill, picking up land by war, by marriage, by inheritance and by deals, and sometimes losing it again, as England lost almost all its French lands by 1453.

Who acts: countries, England · What happens: grow, pick up, lose · To what, where: snowball, land, French lands

This is a sentence of the lesson «Muscovy, England and France: how the big powers grew» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (countries, England), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 grew	nsubj
2	grew	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	like	like	ADP	_	6 rolling	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 rolling	det
5	snowball	snowball	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 grew	obl
6	rolling	rolling	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 grew	obl
7	downhill	downhill	ADV	_	2 grew	advmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 picking	punct
9	picking	pick	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 grew	advcl
10	up	up	ADP	_	9 picking	compound:prt
11	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 picking	obj
12	by	by	ADP	_	13 war	case
13	war	war	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 picking	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 marriage	punct
15	by	by	ADP	_	16 marriage	case
16	marriage	marriage	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 picking	obl
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 inheritance	punct
18	by	by	ADP	_	19 inheritance	case
19	inheritance	inheritance	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 picking	obl
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 deals	cc
21	by	by	ADP	_	22 deals	case
22	deals	deal	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 inheritance	conj
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 losing	punct
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 losing	cc
25	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	PronType=Ind	26 losing	advmod
26	losing	lose	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 picking	conj
27	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 losing	obj
28	again	again	ADV	_	26 losing	advmod
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 England	punct
30	as	as	SCONJ	_	32 lost	mark
31	England	England	PROPN	Number=Sing	32 lost	nsubj
32	lost	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	26 losing	advcl
33	almost	almost	ADV	_	34 all	advmod
34	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	37 lands	det:predet
35	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	37 lands	nmod:poss
36	French	French	ADJ	Degree=Pos	37 lands	amod
37	lands	land	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 lost	obj
38	by	by	ADP	_	39 1453	case
39	1453	1453	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	32 lost	obl
40	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 grew	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	grow	past	countries = country	snowball		like a rolling; downhill property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	pick up	gerund	countries = country not said here	land		by war; by marriage; by inheritance and deals	vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Topic
3	lose	gerund	countries = country not said here	land	again	sometimes property	vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality
4	lose	past	England	land's French lands		by 1453	vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:034-muscovy-england-and-france-how-the-big-powers-grew.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/34-muscovy-england-and-france-how-the-big-powers-grew/1/