The people who were already there: what colonisation did, sentence 2
After 1492 smallpox, measles and flu crossed the Atlantic and killed far more people than swords did; American peoples had never met these diseases, so their bodies had no defence against them, no immunity.
Who acts: smallpox, American peoples, bodies · What happens: cross, kill, not meet, have · To what, where: 1492, more people, diseases, defence
This is a sentence of the lesson «The people who were already there: what colonisation did» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (smallpox, American peoples, bodies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | After | after | ADP | _ | 3 smallpox | case |
| 2 | 1492 | 1492 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 8 crossed | obl |
| 3 | smallpox | smallpox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 crossed | nsubj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 measles | punct |
| 5 | measles | measle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 smallpox | conj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 flu | cc |
| 7 | flu | flu | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 smallpox | conj |
| 8 | crossed | cross | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 Atlantic | det |
| 10 | Atlantic | Atlantic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 crossed | obj |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 killed | cc |
| 12 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 crossed | conj |
| 13 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 14 more | advmod |
| 14 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 15 people | amod |
| 15 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 killed | obj |
| 16 | than | than | SCONJ | _ | 18 did | mark |
| 17 | swords | sword | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 did | nsubj |
| 18 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 more | advcl |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 24 met | punct |
| 20 | American | American | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 peoples | amod |
| 21 | peoples | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 met | nsubj |
| 22 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 met | aux |
| 23 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 24 met | advmod |
| 24 | met | meet | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 12 killed | parataxis |
| 25 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 26 diseases | det |
| 26 | diseases | disease | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 met | obj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 had | punct |
| 28 | so | so | ADV | _ | 31 had | advmod |
| 29 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 bodies | nmod:poss |
| 30 | bodies | body | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 had | nsubj |
| 31 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 killed | ccomp |
| 32 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 33 defence | det |
| 33 | defence | defence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 had | obj |
| 34 | against | against | ADP | _ | 35 them | case |
| 35 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 defence | nmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 immunity | punct |
| 37 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 38 immunity | det |
| 38 | immunity | immunity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 defence | appos |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 crossed | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cross | past | smallpox and measles and flu | 1492 | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent atlantic=Patient | ||||
| 2 | kill | past | smallpox and measles and flu not said here | more people | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | not meet | past · perfect | American peoples | this diseases | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent disease=Co-Agent | ||||
| 4 | have | past | people's bodies | no defence | against people | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent defence=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:036-the-people-who-were-already-there.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/36-the-people-who-were-already-there/2/