The people who were already there: what colonisation did, sentence 5
When Europeans arrived in 1492, tens of millions of people lived in the Americas, in cities, farming villages and many nations.
Who acts: Europeans, tens · What happens: arrive, live, farm · To what, where: 1492, Americas
This is a sentence of the lesson «The people who were already there: what colonisation did» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Europeans, tens), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | SCONJ | _ | 3 arrived | mark |
| 2 | Europeans | European | PROPN | Number=Plur | 3 arrived | nsubj |
| 3 | arrived | arrive | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 lived | advcl |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 1492 | case |
| 5 | 1492 | 1492 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 arrived | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 tens | punct |
| 7 | tens | ten | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 lived | nsubj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 millions | case |
| 9 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 tens | nmod |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 people | case |
| 11 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 millions | nmod |
| 12 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 Americas | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 Americas | det |
| 15 | Americas | Americas | PROPN | Number=Plur | 12 lived | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 cities | punct |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 cities | case |
| 18 | cities | city | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 lived | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 villages | punct |
| 20 | farming | farm | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 21 villages | compound |
| 21 | villages | village | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 cities | conj |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 nations | cc |
| 23 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 nations | amod |
| 24 | nations | nation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 cities | conj |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 lived | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | arrive | past | Europeans | 1492 | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | live | past | tens of millions of people | the Americas | in cities and farming villages and many nations | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in americas=Location | |||
| 3 | farm | gerund | vn rear-26.2.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:036-the-people-who-were-already-there.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/36-the-people-who-were-already-there/5/