Plate tectonics, sentence 3
What happens at a plate's edge depends on how the plates meet: pulling apart makes new sea floor, one diving under another makes trenches and volcanoes, two continents crashing makes mountains, and plates grinding sideways make earthquakes.
Who acts: plates, pulling, one · What happens: happen, depend, meet, pull apart, make, dive · To what, where: edge, new sea floor, another, trenches, mountains, earthquakes
This is a sentence of the lesson «Plate tectonics» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (plates, pulling, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 2 happens | nsubj |
| 2 | happens | happen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 depends | csubj |
| 3 | at | at | ADP | _ | 7 edge | case |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 plate | det |
| 5 | plate | plate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 edge | nmod:poss |
| 6 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 5 plate | case |
| 7 | edge | edge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 happens | obl |
| 8 | depends | depend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | on | on | ADP | _ | 8 depends | case |
| 10 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 13 meet | advmod |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 plates | det |
| 12 | plates | plate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 meet | nsubj |
| 13 | meet | meet | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 depends | advcl |
| 14 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 17 makes | punct |
| 15 | pulling | pull | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 17 makes | csubj |
| 16 | apart | apart | ADV | _ | 15 pulling | advmod |
| 17 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 depends | parataxis |
| 18 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 floor | amod |
| 19 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 floor | compound |
| 20 | floor | floor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 makes | obj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 makes | punct |
| 22 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 34 makes | nsubj |
| 23 | diving | dive | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 34 makes | csubj |
| 24 | under | under | ADP | _ | 26 makes | mark |
| 25 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 23 diving | obl |
| 26 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 crashing | advcl |
| 27 | trenches | trench | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 makes | obj |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 volcanoes | cc |
| 29 | volcanoes | volcano | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 trenches | conj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 makes | punct |
| 31 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 32 continents | nummod |
| 32 | continents | continent | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 makes | nsubj |
| 33 | crashing | crash | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 23 diving | conj |
| 34 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 makes | conj |
| 35 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 makes | obj |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 make | punct |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 make | cc |
| 38 | plates | plate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 make | nsubj |
| 39 | grinding | grind | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 38 plates | acl |
| 40 | sideways | sideways | ADV | _ | 39 grinding | advmod |
| 41 | make | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 makes | conj |
| 42 | earthquakes | earthquake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 make | obj |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 depends | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | happen | present | a plate's edge | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme at edge=Location | |||||
| 2 | depend | present | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | meet | present | the plates | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | pull apart | gerund | apart property | vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | make | present | pulling | new sea floor | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset floor=Product | ||||
| 6 | dive | gerund | another | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | |||||
| 7 | make | present | trenches and volcanoes | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset trench=Product | |||||
| 8 | crash | gerund | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 9 | make | present | one | mountains | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset mountain=Product | ||||
| 10 | grind | gerund | plates not said here | sideways property | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 11 | make | present | plates | earthquakes | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material earthquake=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:042-plate-tectonics.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/42-plate-tectonics/3/