Volcanoes: how and where, sentence 0
A volcano is an opening in the crust where melted rock, gas and ash escape from inside the Earth; the mountain is built by its own eruptions piling up around the vent.
Who acts: volcano, melted rock, own eruptions, mountain · What happens: be, melt, escape, build, pile up, erupt · To what, where: opening, crust, Earth, mountain, vent
This is a sentence of the lesson «Volcanoes: how and where» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (volcano, melted rock, own eruptions, mountain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 volcano | det |
| 2 | volcano | volcano | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 opening | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 opening | cop |
| 4 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 opening | det |
| 5 | opening | opening | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 crust | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 crust | det |
| 8 | crust | crust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 opening | nmod |
| 9 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 16 escape | advmod |
| 10 | melted | melt | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 rock | amod |
| 11 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 escape | nsubj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 gas | punct |
| 13 | gas | gas | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 rock | conj |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 ash | cc |
| 15 | ash | ash | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 rock | conj |
| 16 | escape | escape | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 crust | acl:relcl |
| 17 | from | from | ADP | _ | 20 Earth | case |
| 18 | inside | inside | ADP | _ | 20 Earth | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 Earth | det |
| 20 | Earth | Earth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 escape | obl |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 built | punct |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 mountain | det |
| 23 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 built | nsubj:pass |
| 24 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 built | aux:pass |
| 25 | built | build | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 opening | parataxis |
| 26 | by | by | ADP | _ | 29 eruptions | case |
| 27 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 eruptions | nmod:poss |
| 28 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 eruptions | amod |
| 29 | eruptions | eruption | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 built | obl |
| 30 | piling | pile | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 29 eruptions | acl |
| 31 | up | up | ADP | _ | 30 piling | compound:prt |
| 32 | around | around | ADP | _ | 34 vent | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 vent | det |
| 34 | vent | vent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 piling | obl |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 opening | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a volcano | a opening | the crust | tree rules | |||
| 2 | melt | participle | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 3 | escape | present | melted rock and gas and ash | the Earth | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from earth=Initial_Location | ||||
| 4 | build | present · passive | mountain's own eruptions | the mountain | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset subject=Product | ||||
| 5 | pile up | gerund | mountain's own eruptions not said here | the vent | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme around vent=Destination | ||||
| 6 | erupt | mountain | nom eruption «event intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:046-volcanoes-how-and-where.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/46-volcanoes-how-and-where/0/