Famous eruptions and living with volcanoes, sentence 1
A volcano's reach can be enormous: Krakatoa in 1883 was heard nearly 5,000 km away, Laki in 1783-84 poisoned the animals of Iceland, and in 2010 an Icelandic ash cloud stopped most flights in Europe for about a week.
Who acts: reach, Laki, Icelandic ash cloud · What happens: be, hear, poison, stop · To what, where: Krakatoa, animals, 1783-84, most flights, 2010
This is a sentence of the lesson «Famous eruptions and living with volcanoes» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (reach, Laki, Icelandic ash cloud), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 volcano | det |
| 2 | volcano | volcano | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 reach | nmod:poss |
| 3 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 2 volcano | case |
| 4 | reach | reach | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 enormous | nsubj |
| 5 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 enormous | aux |
| 6 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 7 enormous | cop |
| 7 | enormous | enormous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 8 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 7 enormous | punct |
| 9 | Krakatoa | krakatoa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 heard | nsubj:pass |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 1883 | case |
| 11 | 1883 | 1883 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 9 Krakatoa | nmod |
| 12 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 heard | aux:pass |
| 13 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 enormous | parataxis |
| 14 | nearly | nearly | ADV | _ | 15 5,000 | advmod |
| 15 | 5,000 | 5000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 16 km | nummod |
| 16 | km | km | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 away | obl:unmarked |
| 17 | away | away | ADV | _ | 13 heard | advmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 poisoned | punct |
| 19 | Laki | Laki | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 poisoned | nsubj |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 1783-84 | case |
| 21 | 1783-84 | 1783-84 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 22 poisoned | obl |
| 22 | poisoned | poison | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 heard | conj |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 animals | det |
| 24 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 poisoned | obj |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 Iceland | case |
| 26 | Iceland | Iceland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 animals | nmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 stopped | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 stopped | cc |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 2010 | case |
| 30 | 2010 | 2010 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 35 stopped | obl |
| 31 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 cloud | det |
| 32 | Icelandic | icelandic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 cloud | amod |
| 33 | ash | ash | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 cloud | compound |
| 34 | cloud | cloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 stopped | nsubj |
| 35 | stopped | stop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 heard | conj |
| 36 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 37 flights | amod |
| 37 | flights | flight | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 stopped | obj |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 39 Europe | case |
| 39 | Europe | Europe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 flights | nmod |
| 40 | for | for | ADP | _ | 43 week | case |
| 41 | about | about | ADV | _ | 43 week | advmod |
| 42 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 week | det |
| 43 | week | week | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 stopped | obl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 enormous | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | can | a volcano's reach | enormous property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | hear | past · passive | Krakatoa in 1883 | away property | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | poison | participle | Laki | the animals of Iceland | 1783-84 | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Patient | |||
| 4 | stop | past | a Icelandic ash cloud | most flights | 2010 | week | in Europe | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality flight=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:047-famous-eruptions-and-living-with-volcanoes.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/47-famous-eruptions-and-living-with-volcanoes/1/