Igneous rocks and the rock cycle, sentence 14

In the rock cycle, rocks are worn down into bits that make sedimentary rock, changed by heat and pressure into metamorphic rock, or melted and cooled into igneous rock.

Who acts: bits · What happens: wear down, make, change, melt, cool · To what, where: rocks, rock cycle, sedimentary rock, metamorphic rock, igneous rock

This is a sentence of the lesson «Igneous rocks and the rock cycle» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bits), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	4 cycle	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 cycle	det
3	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cycle	compound
4	cycle	cycle	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 worn	obl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 cycle	punct
6	rocks	rock	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 worn	nsubj:pass
7	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 worn	aux:pass
8	worn	wear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	down	down	ADP	_	8 worn	compound:prt
10	into	into	ADP	_	11 bits	case
11	bits	bit	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 worn	obl
12	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 make	nsubj
13	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 bits	acl:relcl
14	sedimentary	sedimentary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 rock	amod
15	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 make	obj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 changed	punct
17	changed	change	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 worn	conj
18	by	by	ADP	_	19 heat	case
19	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 changed	obl
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 pressure	cc
21	pressure	pressure	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 heat	conj
22	into	into	ADP	_	24 rock	case
23	metamorphic	metamorphic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 rock	amod
24	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 changed	obl
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 melted	punct
26	or	or	CCONJ	_	27 melted	cc
27	melted	melt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 worn	conj
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 cooled	cc
29	cooled	cool	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	27 melted	conj
30	into	into	ADP	_	32 rock	case
31	igneous	igneous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 rock	amod
32	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 cooled	obl
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 worn	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	wear down	present · passive		rocks	the rock cycle	into bits	vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: subject=Source
2	make	present	bits	sedimentary rock			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset rock=Product
3	change	participle				into metamorphic rock result; by heat and pressure	vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.result»: agent=Patient into rock=Result
4	melt	participle					vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
5	cool	participle			igneous rock		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:048-igneous-rocks-and-the-rock-cycle.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/48-igneous-rocks-and-the-rock-cycle/14/