Gemstones and precious metals, sentence 16
In the 1300s much of the gold used in Europe and North Africa came from West Africa, traded across the Sahara through the empire of Mali, whose king Mansa Musa became famous for his huge wealth in gold.
Who acts: much, king · What happens: use, come, trade, become · To what, where: gold, Europe, 1300s, Sahara
This is a sentence of the lesson «Gemstones and precious metals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (much, king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 1300s | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 1300s | det |
| 3 | 1300s | 1300 | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 came | obl |
| 4 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 came | nsubj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 gold | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 gold | det |
| 7 | gold | gold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 much | nmod |
| 8 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 gold | acl |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 Europe | case |
| 10 | Europe | Europe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 used | obl |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 Africa | cc |
| 12 | North | North | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 Africa | compound |
| 13 | Africa | Africa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 Europe | conj |
| 14 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 15 | from | from | ADP | _ | 17 Africa | case |
| 16 | West | West | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 Africa | compound |
| 17 | Africa | Africa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 came | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 traded | punct |
| 19 | traded | trade | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 came | conj |
| 20 | across | across | ADP | _ | 22 Sahara | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 Sahara | det |
| 22 | Sahara | Sahara | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 traded | obl |
| 23 | through | through | ADP | _ | 25 empire | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 empire | det |
| 25 | empire | empire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 traded | obl |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 Mali | case |
| 27 | Mali | Mali | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 empire | nmod |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 king | punct |
| 29 | whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 30 king | nmod:poss |
| 30 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 became | nsubj |
| 31 | Mansa | Mansa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 king | appos |
| 32 | Musa | Musa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 Mansa | flat |
| 33 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 empire | acl:relcl |
| 34 | famous | famous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 became | xcomp |
| 35 | for | for | ADP | _ | 38 wealth | case |
| 36 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 wealth | nmod:poss |
| 37 | huge | huge | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 wealth | amod |
| 38 | wealth | wealth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 famous | obl |
| 39 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 gold | case |
| 40 | gold | gold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 wealth | nmod |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 came | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | participle | the gold not said here | Europe and North Africa | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | come | past | much of the gold | the 1300s | from West Africa | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from africa=Initial_Location | |||
| 3 | trade | participle | much of the gold not said here | the Sahara | through the empire of Mali | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||
| 4 | become | past | king | famous property | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:051-gemstones-and-precious-metals.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/51-gemstones-and-precious-metals/16/