Rivers shaping the land, sentence 10

Waterfalls form where a river flows over hard rock lying on top of softer rock, and as the soft rock wears away the waterfall slowly moves back upstream.

Who acts: Waterfalls, river, hard rock, soft rock, waterfall · What happens: form, flow, lie, wear away, move back · To what, where: hard rock, top

This is a sentence of the lesson «Rivers shaping the land» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Waterfalls, river, hard rock, soft rock), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Waterfalls	waterfall	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 form	nsubj
2	form	form	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	6 flows	advmod
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 river	det
5	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 flows	nsubj
6	flows	flow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 form	advcl
7	over	over	ADV	_	8 hard	advmod
8	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 rock	amod
9	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 flows	obl
10	lying	lie	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 rock	acl
11	on	on	ADP	_	12 top	case
12	top	top	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 lying	obl
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 rock	case
14	softer	soft	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	15 rock	amod
15	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 top	nmod
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 moves	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 moves	cc
18	as	as	SCONJ	_	22 wears	mark
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 rock	det
20	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 rock	amod
21	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 wears	nsubj
22	wears	wear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	27 moves	advcl
23	away	away	ADV	_	22 wears	advmod
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 waterfall	det
25	waterfall	waterfall	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 moves	nsubj
26	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	27 moves	advmod
27	moves	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 form	conj
28	back	back	ADV	_	27 moves	advmod
29	upstream	upstream	ADV	Degree=Pos	27 moves	advmod
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 form	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	form	present	Waterfalls				vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	flow	present	a river	hard rock			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	lie	gerund	hard rock not said here		top of softer rock		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on top=Location
4	wear away	present	the soft rock			away property	vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent
5	move back	present	the waterfall			slowly, upstream property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:053-rivers-shaping-the-land.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/53-rivers-shaping-the-land/10/