Rivers shaping the land, sentence 9
Near the source, a river cuts down into the land, making steep V-shaped valleys.
Who acts: river · What happens: cut down, make, shape · To what, where: source, steep shaped valleys
This is a sentence of the lesson «Rivers shaping the land» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (river), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Near | near | ADP | _ | 3 source | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 source | det |
| 3 | source | source | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 cuts | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 source | punct |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 cuts | det |
| 6 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 cuts | nsubj |
| 7 | cuts | cut | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | down | down | ADV | _ | 7 cuts | advmod |
| 9 | into | into | ADP | _ | 11 land | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 land | det |
| 11 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 cuts | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 making | punct |
| 13 | making | make | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 cuts | advcl |
| 14 | steep | steep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 valleys | amod |
| 15 | V | v | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 shaped | compound |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 15 V | punct |
| 17 | shaped | shape | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 valleys | amod |
| 18 | valleys | valley | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 making | obj |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 cuts | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cut down | present | river | the source | into the land; down property | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent into land=Patient | |||
| 2 | make | gerund | river not said here | steep shaped valleys | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset valley=Product | ||||
| 3 | shape | participle | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:053-rivers-shaping-the-land.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/53-rivers-shaping-the-land/9/