Soil, sentence 9
Soil has layers called horizons: dark topsoil, paler subsoil below, and broken rock above the bedrock.
Who acts: Soil, layers · What happens: have, call, break · To what, where: layers, horizons · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Soil» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Soil, layers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Soil | soil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 has | nsubj |
| 2 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | layers | layer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 has | obj |
| 4 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 layers | acl |
| 5 | horizons | horizon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 called | xcomp |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 8 topsoil | punct |
| 7 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 topsoil | amod |
| 8 | topsoil | topsoil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 layers | appos |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 subsoil | punct |
| 10 | paler | pale | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 11 subsoil | amod |
| 11 | subsoil | subsoil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 topsoil | conj |
| 12 | below | below | ADV | _ | 11 subsoil | advmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 rock | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 rock | cc |
| 15 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 rock | amod |
| 16 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 topsoil | conj |
| 17 | above | above | ADP | _ | 19 bedrock | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 bedrock | det |
| 19 | bedrock | bedrock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 rock | nmod |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 has | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | Soil | layers | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent layer=Patient | ||||
| 2 | call | participle | layers not said here | horizons | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | break | participle | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:056-soil.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/56-soil/9/