Coal, oil and gas, sentence 17
Fossil fuels are non-renewable: they took millions of years to form and we are using them up in centuries.
Who acts: Fossil fuels, fuels, we · What happens: be, take, form, use up · To what, where: millions
This is a sentence of the lesson «Coal, oil and gas» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fossil fuels, fuels, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fossil | fossil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 fuels | compound |
| 2 | fuels | fuel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 non-renewable | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 non-renewable | cop |
| 4 | non-renewable | non-renewable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 4 non-renewable | punct |
| 6 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 took | nsubj |
| 7 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 non-renewable | parataxis |
| 8 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 took | obj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 years | case |
| 10 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 millions | nmod |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 form | mark |
| 12 | form | form | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 took | advcl |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 using | cc |
| 14 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 16 using | nsubj |
| 15 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 using | aux |
| 16 | using | use | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 took | conj |
| 17 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 using | obj |
| 18 | up | up | ADP | _ | 16 using | compound:prt |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 centuries | case |
| 20 | centuries | century | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 using | obl |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 non-renewable | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Fossil fuels | non-renewable property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | take | past | fuels = fuel | millions of years | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent million=Theme | ||||
| 3 | form | to-infinitive | fuels = fuel not said here | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | use up | present · progressive | we | millions = million | century | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:059-coal-oil-and-gas.lesson:17.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/59-coal-oil-and-gas/17/