Coal, oil and gas, sentence 18
Countries are switching to solar, wind and other clean energy, which burn no fuel and give off no carbon dioxide while they work, and Britain closed its last coal power station in 2024.
Who acts: Countries, wind, fuels, Britain · What happens: switch, burn, give off, work, close · To what, where: fuel, carbon dioxide, last power station
This is a sentence of the lesson «Coal, oil and gas» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Countries, wind, fuels, Britain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Countries | country | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 switching | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 switching | aux |
| 3 | switching | switch | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 5 solar | case |
| 5 | solar | solar | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 switching | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 wind | punct |
| 7 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 solar | conj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 energy | cc |
| 9 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 energy | amod |
| 10 | clean | clean | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 energy | amod |
| 11 | energy | energy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 wind | conj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 burn | punct |
| 13 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 burn | nsubj |
| 14 | burn | burn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 wind | acl:relcl |
| 15 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 16 fuel | det |
| 16 | fuel | fuel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 burn | obj |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 give | cc |
| 18 | give | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 burn | conj |
| 19 | off | off | ADP | _ | 18 give | compound:prt |
| 20 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 22 dioxide | det |
| 21 | carbon | carbon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 dioxide | compound |
| 22 | dioxide | dioxide | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 give | obj |
| 23 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 25 work | mark |
| 24 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 work | nsubj |
| 25 | work | work | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 give | advcl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 closed | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 closed | cc |
| 28 | Britain | Britain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 closed | nsubj |
| 29 | closed | close | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 switching | conj |
| 30 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 station | nmod:poss |
| 31 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 station | amod |
| 32 | coal | coal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 power | compound |
| 33 | power | power | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 station | compound |
| 34 | station | station | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 closed | obj |
| 35 | in | in | ADP | _ | 36 2024 | case |
| 36 | 2024 | 2024 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 29 closed | obl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 switching | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | switch | present · progressive | Countries | to solar and wind and other clean energy result | vn convert-26.6.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to solar=Result | ||||
| 2 | burn | present | wind and other clean energy | no fuel | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent fuel=Theme | ||||
| 3 | give off | present | wind and other clean energy not said here | no carbon dioxide | vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source dioxide=Theme | ||||
| 4 | work | present | fuels = fuel | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | close | past | Britain | energy's last power station | in 2024 | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent station=Patient in 2024=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:059-coal-oil-and-gas.lesson:18.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/59-coal-oil-and-gas/18/