Metals, mining and what they cost, sentence 16
European colonisers forced Indigenous people to mine silver in Peru and Bolivia, and enslaved Africans to dig gold in Brazil.
Who acts: European colonisers, Indigenous people · What happens: force, mine, enslave, dig · To what, where: Indigenous people, silver, Peru, Africans, gold, Brazil
This is a sentence of the lesson «Metals, mining and what they cost» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (European colonisers, Indigenous people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | European | European | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 colonisers | amod |
| 2 | colonisers | coloniser | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 forced | nsubj |
| 3 | forced | force | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | Indigenous | indigenous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 people | amod |
| 5 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 forced | obj |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 mine | mark |
| 7 | mine | mine | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 forced | xcomp |
| 8 | silver | silver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 mine | obj |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 Peru | case |
| 10 | Peru | Peru | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 mine | obl |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 Bolivia | cc |
| 12 | Bolivia | Bolivia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 Peru | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 enslaved | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 enslaved | cc |
| 15 | enslaved | enslave | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 forced | conj |
| 16 | Africans | African | PROPN | Number=Plur | 15 enslaved | obj |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 dig | mark |
| 18 | dig | dig | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 enslaved | xcomp |
| 19 | gold | gold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 dig | obj |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 Brazil | case |
| 21 | Brazil | Brazil | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 dig | obl |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 forced | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | force | past | European colonisers | Indigenous people | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent people=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | mine | to-infinitive | Indigenous people not said here | silver | Peru and Bolivia | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent silver=Theme in peru=Location | |||
| 3 | enslave | past | European colonisers not said here | Africans | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | dig | to-infinitive | European colonisers not said here | gold | Brazil | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent gold=Theme in brazil=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:060-metals-mining-and-what-they-cost.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/60-metals-mining-and-what-they-cost/16/