Metals, mining and what they cost, sentence 18
Recycling metals uses much less energy than mining new ore, and aluminium can be recycled again and again.
Who acts: Recycling, less energy · What happens: recycle, use, mine · To what, where: metals, less energy, new ore, aluminium
This is a sentence of the lesson «Metals, mining and what they cost» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Recycling, less energy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Recycling | recycle | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 uses | csubj |
| 2 | metals | metal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Recycling | obj |
| 3 | uses | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | much | much | ADV | _ | 5 less | advmod |
| 5 | less | less | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 6 energy | amod |
| 6 | energy | energy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 uses | obj |
| 7 | than | than | SCONJ | _ | 8 mining | mark |
| 8 | mining | mine | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 6 energy | acl |
| 9 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 ore | amod |
| 10 | ore | ore | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 mining | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 recycled | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 recycled | cc |
| 13 | aluminium | aluminium | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 recycled | nsubj:pass |
| 14 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 16 recycled | aux |
| 15 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 16 recycled | aux:pass |
| 16 | recycled | recycle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 uses | conj |
| 17 | again | again | ADV | _ | 16 recycled | advmod |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 again | cc |
| 19 | again | again | ADV | _ | 17 again | conj |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 uses | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | recycle | gerund | metals | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | use | present | Recycling | less energy | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Patient | ||||
| 3 | mine | gerund | less energy not said here | new ore | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ore=Theme | ||||
| 4 | recycle | can · passive | aluminium | again | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:060-metals-mining-and-what-they-cost.lesson:18.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/60-metals-mining-and-what-they-cost/18/