The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings, sentence 19

Vikings wrote with runes, letters of straight lines made for cutting into wood and stone, and runes were mostly writing, not magic spells.

Who acts: Vikings, runes · What happens: write, make, cut, letter · To what, where: straight lines

This is a sentence of the lesson «The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Vikings, runes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Vikings	viking	PROPN	Number=Plur	2 wrote	nsubj
2	wrote	write	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	with	with	ADP	_	4 runes	case
4	runes	rune	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 wrote	obl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 letters	punct
6	letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 runes	appos
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 lines	case
8	straight	straight	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 lines	amod
9	lines	line	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 letters	nmod
10	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 lines	acl
11	for	for	SCONJ	_	12 cutting	mark
12	cutting	cut	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 wrote	advcl
13	into	into	ADP	_	14 wood	case
14	wood	wood	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 cutting	obl
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 stone	cc
16	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 wood	conj
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 writing	punct
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 writing	cc
19	runes	rune	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 writing	nsubj
20	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	22 writing	aux
21	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	22 writing	advmod
22	writing	write	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 wrote	conj
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 spells	punct
24	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	26 spells	advmod
25	magic	magic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 spells	amod
26	spells	spell	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 writing	conj
27	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 wrote	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	write	past	Vikings		with runes	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	make	participle		straight lines not said here		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
3	cut	gerund	Vikings not said here		into wood and stone	vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent into wood=Patient
4	write	past · progressive	runes		mostly property	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	letter			straight lines		nom letter «communication transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:020-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings.lesson:19.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/20-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings/19/