The Islamic golden age and the wider medieval world, sentence 15

Muslims learned papermaking from China and built paper mills in Baghdad and later in Spain, so books became cheaper.

Who acts: Muslims, books · What happens: learn, build, become · To what, where: papermaking, China, paper mills, Baghdad

This is a sentence of the lesson «The Islamic golden age and the wider medieval world» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Muslims, books), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Muslims	Muslim	PROPN	Number=Plur	2 learned	nsubj
2	learned	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	papermaking	papermaking	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 learned	obj
4	from	from	ADP	_	5 China	case
5	China	China	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 learned	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 built	cc
7	built	build	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 learned	conj
8	paper	paper	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 mills	compound
9	mills	mill	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 built	obj
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 Baghdad	case
11	Baghdad	Baghdad	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 built	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 Spain	cc
13	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	15 Spain	advmod
14	in	in	ADP	_	15 Spain	case
15	Spain	Spain	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 Baghdad	conj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 became	punct
17	so	so	ADV	_	19 became	advmod
18	books	book	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 became	nsubj
19	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 learned	conj
20	cheaper	cheap	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	19 became	xcomp
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 learned	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	learn	past	Muslims	papermaking	China		vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent papermaking=Topic from china=Source
2	build	past	Muslims not said here	paper mills	Baghdad and Spain		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset mill=Product
3	become	past	books			cheap property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:022-the-islamic-golden-age-and-the-wider-medieval-world.lesson:15.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/22-the-islamic-golden-age-and-the-wider-medieval-world/15/