Lithuanian and Polish times, the first Cossacks, sentence 11
Cossacks appeared in the 15th–16th centuries in the steppe borderlands; they fished, hunted and fought Tatar raiders, and many served the Polish king as registered Cossacks for pay.
Who acts: Cossacks, many · What happens: appear, fish, hunt, fight, serve, register · To what, where: 15th, Tatar raiders, Polish king
This is a sentence of the lesson «Lithuanian and Polish times, the first Cossacks» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cossacks, many), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cossacks | cossack | PROPN | Number=Plur | 2 appeared | nsubj |
| 2 | appeared | appear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 15th | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 centuries | det |
| 5 | 15th | 15th | NOUN | Number=Sing NumForm=Combi NumType=Ord | 2 appeared | obl |
| 6 | – | - | PUNCT | _ | 8 centuries | punct |
| 7 | 16th | 16th | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 centuries | compound |
| 8 | centuries | century | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 appeared | obl |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 borderlands | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 borderlands | det |
| 11 | steppe | steppe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 borderlands | compound |
| 12 | borderlands | borderland | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 appeared | obl |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 15 fished | punct |
| 14 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 fished | nsubj |
| 15 | fished | fish | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 appeared | parataxis |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 hunted | punct |
| 17 | hunted | hunt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 fished | conj |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 fought | cc |
| 19 | fought | fight | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 fished | conj |
| 20 | Tatar | Tatar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 raiders | compound |
| 21 | raiders | raider | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 fought | obj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 served | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 served | cc |
| 24 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 served | nsubj |
| 25 | served | serve | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 fished | conj |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 king | det |
| 27 | Polish | polish | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 king | amod |
| 28 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 served | obj |
| 29 | as | as | ADP | _ | 31 Cossacks | case |
| 30 | registered | register | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 Cossacks | amod |
| 31 | Cossacks | cossack | PROPN | Number=Plur | 25 served | obl |
| 32 | for | for | ADP | _ | 33 pay | case |
| 33 | pay | pay | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 Cossacks | nmod |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 appeared | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed polarity=none
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | appear | past | Cossacks | 15th | century | in the steppe borderlands | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in 15th=Location | ||
| 2 | fish | past | Cossacks = cossack | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | hunt | past | Cossacks = cossack not said here | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | fight | past | Cossacks = cossack not said here | Tatar raiders | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent raider=Co-Agent | ||||
| 5 | serve | past | many | the Polish king | as registered Cossacks for pay | vn spend_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent king=Duration as cossack=Attribute | |||
| 6 | register | participle | vn patent-101 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:043-lithuanian-and-polish-times-the-first-cossacks.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/43-lithuanian-and-polish-times-the-first-cossacks/11/